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Influence of heavy metals in Parkinson’s disease: an overview

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an ageing disorder with deterioration of dopamine neurons which leads to motor complications like tremor, stiffness, slow movement and postural disturbances. In PD, both genetics as well as environmental factors both play a major role in causing the pathogenesis. Though there are surfeit of risk factors involved in PD occurrence, till now there is lack of an exact causative agent as a risk for PD with confirmative findings. The role of heavy metals reported to be a significant factor in PD pathogenesis. Heavy metal functions in cell maintenance but growing pieces of evidences reported to cause dyshomeostasis with increased PD rate. Metals disturb the molecular processes and results in oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. The present review elucidates the role of cobalt, nickel, mercury, chromium, thallium metals in α-synuclein aggregation and its involvement in blood brain barrier flux. Also, the review explains the plausible role of aforementioned metals with a mechanistic approach and therapeutic recommendations in PD.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research—Grant-In-Aid (DHR-GIA) (grant number: GIA/2019/000276/PRCGIA), Government of India and Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, to carry out this research work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research DHR-GIA [grant number: GIA/2019/000276/PRCGIA], Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Balachandar Vellingiri, Atchaya Suriyanarayanan, Kripa Susan Abraham, Dhivya Venkatesan & Neethu Raj

  2. Livestock Farming and Bioresource Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

    Mahalaxmi Iyer

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India

    Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan

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  1. Balachandar Vellingiri
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Contributions

Conceptualization was done by BV; Data curation was done by AS, KSA, NR, DV, and MI; Funding Acquisition was done by BV; Investigation was done by DV and MI; Roles/Writing–original draft were done by AS, KSA, NR, DV, and MI; Resources were done by DV and MI; Supervision was done by BV and AVG.

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Correspondence to Balachandar Vellingiri.

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Vellingiri, B., Suriyanarayanan, A., Abraham, K.S. et al. Influence of heavy metals in Parkinson’s disease: an overview. J Neurol 269, 5798–5811 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11282-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11282-w

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