Abstract
The objective is to explore the effective of baseline serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) on predicting the severity and outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). A total of 156 patients confirmed as CVT in Xuanwu Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study from March 2011 through September 2016. The severity was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS), intracranial pressure (ICP), and CVT-related complications; the outcome was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS); the relationship between baseline serum NSE and mRS was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), logistic regression analysis, and Kaplan–Meier curves. Baseline level of serum NSE was positively associated with baseline NIHSS (r = 0.322, p < 0.001). Among which, patients with high level of serum NSE were also noticed with cerebral venous infarction (p < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (p < 0.001), seizure (p = 0.035). Meanwhile, patients in NSE ≥ 15.05 ng/mL group vs. NSE < 15.05 ng/mL group had large mRS scores (≥ 3) at discharge (adjusted OR: 5.40, 95% CI 1.27–22.91; p = 0.022) and higher percentage of mRS scores ≥ 3 during 40 months of outpatient follow-up (log-rank p < 0.001). Baseline level of serum NSE is positively associated with the severity of CVT. Presumably NSE may be a potential predictor for the clinical outcome of CVT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Coutinho JM (2015) Cerebral venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 13(Suppl 1):S238–S244
Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RJ, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, DeVeber G, Ferro JM, Tsai FY (2011) Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 42:1158–1192
Devasagayam S, Wyatt B, Leyden J, Kleinig T (2016) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis incidence is higher than previously thought: a retrospective population-based study. Stroke 47:2180–2182
Coutinho JM, Zuurbier SM, Aramideh M, Stam J (2012) The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis: a cross-sectional study. Stroke 43:3375–3377
Bousser M, Ferro JM (2007) Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update. Lancet Neurol 6:162–170
Borhani HA, Edgell RC, Cruz-Flores S, Feen E, Piriyawat P, Vora N, Callison RC, Alshekhlee A (2012) Mortality of cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis in a large national sample. Stroke 43:262–264
Ferro JM, Bousser M, Canhão P, Coutinho JM, Crassard I, Dentali F, di Minno M, Maino A, Martinelli I, Masuhr F, de Sousa DA, Stam J (2017) European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis—Endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur Stroke J 2:195–221
Ferro JE, Bacelar-Nicolau H, Rodrigues T, Bacelar-Nicolau L, Canhão P, Cia Crassard I, Bousser M, Dutra AE, Pimenta L, Massaro A, Mackowiack-Cordiolani M, Leys D, Fontes JAO, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F (2009) Risk score to predict the outcome of patients with cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 28:39–44
Ferro JM, Canhao P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F (2004) Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 35:664–670
Zuurbier SM, Hiltunen S, Tatlisumak T, Peters GM, Silvis SM, Haapaniemi E, Kruyt ND, Putaala J, Coutinho JM (2016) Admission hyperglycemia and clinical outcome in cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 47:390–396
Korathanakhun P, Sathirapanya P, Geater SL, Petpichetchian W (2014) Predictors of hospital outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 23:2725–2729
Isgro MA, Bottoni P, Scatena R (2015) Neuron-specific enolase as a biomarker: biochemical and clinical aspects. Adv Exp Med Biol 867:125–143
Guzel A, Er U, Tatli M, Aluclu U, Ozkan U, Duzenli Y, Satici O, Guzel E, Kemaloglu S, Ceviz A, Kaplan A (2008) Serum neuron-specific enolase as a predictor of short-term outcome and its correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 31:439–445
Jauch EC, Lindsell C, Broderick J, Fagan SC, Tilley BC, Levine SR (2006) Association of serial biochemical markers with acute ischemic stroke: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator Stroke Study. Stroke 37:2508–2513
Tiainen M, Roine RO, Pettila V, Takkunen O (2003) Serum neuron-specific enolase and S-100B protein in cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia. Stroke 34:2881–2886
Koch M, Mostert J, Heersema D, Teelken A, De Keyser J (2007) Plasma S100beta and NSE levels and progression in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 252:154–158
Lee S, Choi Y, Kim J, Kim W (2010) Serum neuron-specific enolase level as a biomarker in differential diagnosis of seizure and syncope. J Neurol 257:1708–1712
Schaarschmidt H, Prange HW, Reiber H (1994) Neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as a prognostic parameter in cerebrovascular diseases. Stroke 25:558–565
Miremadi A, Pinder SE, Lee AH, Bell JA, Paish EC, Wencyk P, Elston CW, Nicholson RI, Blamey RW, Robertson JF, Ellis IO (2002) Neuroendocrine differentiation and prognosis in breast adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 40:215–222
Xin CH, Xu JQ, Sui JR, Wang XL (2012) Analysis on 71 patients with polycythemia vera. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 20:667–670
Barone FC, Clark RK, Price WJ, White RF, Feuerstein GZ, Storer BL, Ohlstein EH (1993) Neuron-specific enolase increases in cerebral and systemic circulation following focal ischemia. Brain Res 623:77–82
DeGiorgio CM, Correale JD, Gott PS, Ginsburg DL, Bracht KA, Smith T, Boutros R, Loskota WJ, Rabinowicz AL (1995) Serum neuron-specific enolase in human status epilepticus. Neurology 45:1134–1137
Samanci Y, Samanci B, Sahin E, Altiokka-Uzun G, Kucukali CI, Tuzun E, Baykan B (2017) Neuron-specific enolase levels as a marker for possible neuronal damage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurol Belg 117:704–711
Girot M, Ferro JM, Canhao P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F, Leys D (2007) Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 38:337–342
Olivecrona Z, Bobinski L, Koskinen LD (2015) Association of ICP, CPP, CT findings and S-100B and NSE in severe traumatic head injury. Prognostic value of the biomarkers. Brain Inj 29:446
Acknowledgements
This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (81371289), the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1308400), the Project of Beijing Municipal Top Talent for Healthy Work of China (2014-2-015), and Beijing science and technology plan (D131100005313017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
YH, RM, HZ, LG, SL, YW, JD, YD, and XJ report no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the ethics committee of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, Y., Meng, R., Zhang, X. et al. Serum neuron specific enolase may be a marker to predict the severity and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis. J Neurol 265, 46–51 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8659-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8659-9