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Congenital mirror movements: a clue to understanding bimanual motor control

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Abstract

Mirror movements (MM) are involuntary movements of one side of the body that accompany and mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. Physiological MM can occur during normal childhood development, probably owing to corpus callosum immaturity. Pathological congenital MM may be clinically isolated or part of a complex congenital syndrome, including Kallmann syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and congenital hemiplegia. Congenital isolated MM are usually familial. Recently, heterozygous mutations of the DCC gene, with autosomal dominant inheritance, were shown to cause some cases of MM. The pathogenesis of congenital MM may involve (i) abnormal interhemispheric inhibition between the two motor cortices; (ii) functional alteration of motor planning and motor execution; and/or (iii) abnormal persistence of the ipsilateral corticospinal tract. Fundamental and clinical research is providing novel insights into the complex underlying molecular pathways, and recent experimental work has identified several mechanisms that may mediate the motor network dysfunction. In this review, we analyze clinical, genetic, neurophysiologic, and neuroimaging data on congenital MM, and discuss how this knowledge may improve our understanding of bimanual motor control.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Vanessa Brochard and Constance Flaman-Roze for helping in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere (ICM), Paris, France

    Cécile Galléa & Traian Popa

  2. Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France

    Ségolène Billot

  3. UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine de Bobigny, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France

    Ségolène Billot

  4. INSERM, UMRS 975, CNRS 7225-CRICM, Pitié-Salpétriêre Hospital, Paris, France

    Aurélie Méneret, Christel Depienne & Emmanuel Roze

  5. Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France

    Aurélie Méneret, Christel Depienne & Emmanuel Roze

  6. Departement de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Fédération de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France

    Christel Depienne

  7. Fédération des maladies du système nerveux, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

    Emmanuel Roze

  8. INSERM, UMRS 952, CNRS, UMR 7224, Paris, France

    Emmanuel Roze

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  1. Cécile Galléa
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Correspondence to Emmanuel Roze.

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Galléa, C., Popa, T., Billot, S. et al. Congenital mirror movements: a clue to understanding bimanual motor control. J Neurol 258, 1911–1919 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6107-9

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