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Clinopyroxene in postshield Haleakala ankaramite: 2. Texture, compositional zoning and supersaturation in the magma

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Abstract

We investigated the external morphologies and internal compositional zoning patterns of clinopyroxene phenocrysts in an ankaramite of Haleakala volcano (Hawaii) to constrain magma crystallization conditions in the volcano’s postshield stage. The phenocrysts are characterized by euhedral faceted morphologies and crystallographically coherent subcrystals. Quantitative EPMA and X-ray element mapping reveal two domains within the crystals: porous, Si–Mg–Ca–Cr-rich zones associated with the forms {100}, {010} and {110}, and nonporous, Al–Ti–Na-rich zones associated with the forms {−111}. The chemical variations, internal porosity and parallel subcrystals are consistent with nonconcentric crystal growth at varying degrees of supersaturation. We infer that initial growth occurred in a diffusion-limited regime to produce dendritic crystals; subsequent growth was markedly slower, with lesser supersaturation allowing dendrites to infill and produce polyhedral external morphologies. This sequence promoted the evolution of crystals from an hourglass shape with dominant {−111} forms, to sector-zoned euhedral crystals in which elements were partitioned according to: (Al + Ti + Na){−111} = (Si + Mg + Cr + Ca){110},{100},{010}. Infilling of dendritic crystals occurred to a greater extent on faster-growing sectors and was interrupted by the eruption, resulting in porosity of the slower-growing {hk0} sectors. Outermost Na-poor rims formed on all sectors due to slower growth rate under interface-limited conditions. Paradoxically, high levels of supersaturation producing large crystals of clinopyroxene (and olivine) are indicated in the volcano’s deep-seated reservoir and lower degrees of supersaturation characterize syn-eruptive crystal growth. The presence of vapor bubbles within the melt-filled crystal embayments and inclusions suggests rapid clinopyroxene growth caused volatile saturation and reservoir pressurization, leading to eruption of the ankaramite.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Keith Putirka and Matteo Masotta for detailed comments on the first version of the manuscript. We are grateful to JoAnn Sinton and Emily First for providing samples, and to Thomas Shea for collecting some of the X-ray maps. JoAnn Sinton is also thanked for the preparation of the thin sections. This work was supported by NSF EAR 12-20084 to JEH. This is School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technologies (SOEST; University of Hawaii) contribution 9530.

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  1. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Benoit Welsch, Julia Hammer, Samantha Jacob, Eric Hellebrand & John Sinton

  2. CINaM-CNRS, UPR 3118, Université Aix-Marseille, Campus Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseilles Cedex 9, France

    Alain Baronnet

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  1. Benoit Welsch
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Correspondence to Benoit Welsch.

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Communicated by Gordon Moore.

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Welsch, B., Hammer, J., Baronnet, A. et al. Clinopyroxene in postshield Haleakala ankaramite: 2. Texture, compositional zoning and supersaturation in the magma. Contrib Mineral Petrol 171, 6 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1213-9

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