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Partitioning of halogens between mantle minerals and aqueous fluids: implications for the fluid flow regime in subduction zones

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Abstract

We have performed phase equilibrium experiments in the system forsterite–enstatite–pyrope-H2O with MgCl2 or MgF2 at 1,100 °C and 2.6 GPa to constrain the solubility of halogens in the peridotite mineral assemblage and the fluid–mineral partition coefficients. The chlorine solubility in forsterite, enstatite and in pyrope is very low, 2.1–3.9 and 4.0–11.4 ppm, respectively, and it is independent of the fluid salinity (0.3–30 wt% Cl), suggesting that some intrinsic saturation limit in the crystal is reached already at very low chlorine concentrations. Chlorine is therefore exceedingly incompatible in upper-mantle minerals. The fluorine solubility is 170–336 ppm in enstatite and 510–1,110 ppm in pyrope, again independent of fluid salinity. Forsterite dissolves 1,750–1,900 ppm up to a fluid salinity of 1.6 wt% F. At higher fluorine contents in the system, forsterite is replaced by the minerals of the humite group. The lower solubility of chlorine by three orders of magnitude when compared to fluorine is consistent with increasing lattice strain. Fluid–mineral partition coefficients are 100–102 for fluorine and 103–105 for chlorine. Since the latter values are orders of magnitude higher than those for hydroxyl partitioning, fluid flow from the subducting slab through the mantle wedge will lead to an efficient sequestration of H2O into the nominally anhydrous minerals in the wedge, whereas chlorine becomes enriched in the residual fluid. Simple mass balance calculations reveal that rock–fluid ratios of up to >3,000 are required to produce the elevated Cl/H2O ratios observed in some primitive arc magmas. Accordingly, fluid flow from the subducted slab into the zone of melting in the mantle wedge does not only occur rapidly in narrow channels, but at least in some subduction zones, fluid pervasively infiltrates the mantle peridotite and interacts with a large volume of the mantle wedge. Together with the Cl/H2O ratios of primitive arc magmas, our data therefore constrain the fluid flow regime below volcanic arcs.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the European Commission c2c Marie Curie research training network in the form of doctoral scholarship to the first author. The manuscript preparation was supported by the Czech Ministry of Education Project Nr. MSM002162085 and the Czech Science Foundation Project Nr. 210/12/0986 to D.D. We would like to thank Paul Wallace and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Diego Bernini, David Dolejš & Hans Keppler

  2. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Michael Wiedenbeck

  3. Institute of Petrology and Structural Geology, Charles University, 12843, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    David Dolejš

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  1. Diego Bernini
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  2. Michael Wiedenbeck
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  3. David Dolejš
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  4. Hans Keppler
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Correspondence to David Dolejš.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

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Bernini, D., Wiedenbeck, M., Dolejš, D. et al. Partitioning of halogens between mantle minerals and aqueous fluids: implications for the fluid flow regime in subduction zones. Contrib Mineral Petrol 165, 117–128 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0799-4

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