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The legacy of crystal-plastic deformation in olivine: high-diffusivity pathways during serpentinization

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Abstract

Crystal-plastic olivine deformation to produce subgrain boundaries composed of edge dislocations is an inevitable consequence of asthenospheric mantle flow. Although crystal-plastic deformation and serpentinization are spatio-temporally decoupled, we identified compositional readjustments expressed on the micrometric level as a striped Fe-enriched (\( \bar{X}_{\text{Fe}} \) = 0.24 ± 0.02 (zones); 0.12 ± 0.02 (bulk)) or Fe-depleted (\( \bar{X}_{\text{Fe}} \) = 0.10 ± 0.01 (zones); 0.13 ± 0.01 (bulk)) zoning in partly serpentinized olivine grains from two upper mantle sections in Norway. Focused ion beam sample preparation combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and aberration-corrected scanning TEM, enabling atomic-level resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopic line profiling, reveals that every zone is immediately associated with a subgrain boundary. We infer that the zonings are a result of the environmental Fe2+Mg−1 exchange potential during antigorite serpentinization of olivine and the drive toward element exchange equilibrium. This is facilitated by enhanced solid-state diffusion along subgrain boundaries in a system, which otherwise re-equilibrates via dissolution-reprecipitation. Fe enrichment or depletion is controlled by the silica activity imposed on the system by the local olivine/orthopyroxene mass ratio, temperature and the effect of magnetite stability. The Fe-Mg exchange coefficients \( K_{\text{D}}^{{{\text{Atg}}/{\text{Ol}}}} \) between both types of zoning and antigorite display coalescence toward exchange equilibrium. With both types of zoning, Mn is enriched and Ni depleted compared with the unaffected bulk composition. Nanometer-sized, heterogeneously distributed antigorite precipitates along olivine subgrain boundaries suggest that water was able to ingress along them. Crystallographic orientation relationships gained via electron backscatter diffraction between olivine grain domains and different serpentine vein generations support the hypothesis that serpentinization was initiated along olivine subgrain boundaries.

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Notes

  1. Thereafter, diffusion will always refer to solid-state diffusion unless otherwise stated.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie Initial Training Network Delta-Min (Mechanisms of Mineral Replacement Reactions) contract no. PITN-GA-2008-215360. We thank A. Beinlich, P. Meakin, A. Putnis, J. Mathiesen, J. Semprich, J. Hövelmann and B. Jamtveit for numerous discussions and stimulating thoughts about the topic. The manuscript benefited from valuable comments and suggestions given by the reviewers B.W. Evans and F. Klein. We thank K. Iyer for providing his thin section collection. M. Erambert and Ø. Prytz are thanked for technical assistance. Anja Schreiber at GFZ Potsdam, Germany, is thanked for FIB cut preparation. O. Plümper acknowledges his scientific mobility opportunities at the Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Germany. H. Jung was supported by the Mid-career Research Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST (No. 3345-20100013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

    Oliver Plümper & Håkon Austrheim

  2. Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Helen E. King & Christian Vollmer

  3. SuperSTEM, Daresbury Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, UK

    Quentin Ramasse

  4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 311 Ho, 25-1 Dong, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea

    Haemyeong Jung

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  1. Oliver Plümper
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  2. Helen E. King
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  3. Christian Vollmer
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  4. Quentin Ramasse
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  5. Haemyeong Jung
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  6. Håkon Austrheim
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Correspondence to Oliver Plümper.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

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Plümper, O., King, H.E., Vollmer, C. et al. The legacy of crystal-plastic deformation in olivine: high-diffusivity pathways during serpentinization. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163, 701–724 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0695-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0695-3

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