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Zircon-scale insights into the history of a Supervolcano, Bishop Tuff, Long Valley, California, with implications for the Ti-in-zircon geothermometer

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An Erratum to this article was published on 28 August 2010

Abstract

Zircon has the outstanding capacity to record chronological, thermal, and chemical information, including the storage history of zoned silicic magma reservoirs like the one responsible for the Bishop Tuff of eastern California, USA. Our novel ion microprobe approach reveals that Bishop zircon rims with diverse chemical characteristics surround intermediate domains with broadly similar compositions. The highest Y, REE, U, and Th concentrations tend to accompany the largest excesses in Y + REE3+:P beyond what can be explained by xenotime substitution in zircon. Apparent Ti-in-zircon temperatures of <720°C for zircon rims are distinctly lower than most of the range in eruption temperatures, as estimated from FeTi-oxide equilibria and zircon solubility at quench. While permissive of crystallization of zircon at near-solidus conditions, the low Ti-in-zircon temperatures are probably better explained by sources of inaccuracy in the temperature estimates. After apparently nucleating from different melts, zircons from across the Bishop Tuff compositional spectrum may have evolved to broadly similar chemical and thermal conditions and therefore it is possible that there was no significant thermal gradient in the magma reservoir at some stage in its evolution. There is also no compelling evidence for punctuated heat ± chemical influxes during the intermediate stages of zircon growth. Judging by the zircon record, the main volume of the erupted magma evolved normally by secular cooling but the latest erupted portion is characterized by a reversal in chemistry that appears to indicate perfusion of the magma reservoir by—or zircon entrainment in—a less evolved melt from the one in which the zircons had previously resided.

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Acknowledgments

We thank reviewers John Hanchar and Calvin Miller for insights that improved this paper. We thank Bruce Watson and Jay Thomas of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for sharing ideas and insights into the Ti-in-zircon and Ti-in-quartz thermometers and for a split of their Bishop Tuff zircon separate. Reid thanks Janne Blichert-Toft, Francis Albarede, and the other professionals and students at the École Normale Supérieure in Lyon, France, for their support—scientific and morale—while this work was completed. John Ferry of Johns Hopkins University provided his summary of zircon calibration data. Robert C. Newton at University of California Los Angeles is thanked for providing ideas and guidance to improve Ti activity calculations. The ion microprobe facility at the University of California, Los Angeles, is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. The support of National Science Foundation grants EAR-0538309 and EAR-0538113 made this work possible and is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Jorge A. Vazquez

    Present address: United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-4099, USA

    Mary R. Reid

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, 91330-8266, USA

    Jorge A. Vazquez

  3. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA

    Axel K. Schmitt

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Correspondence to Mary R. Reid.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0564-5

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Reid, M.R., Vazquez, J.A. & Schmitt, A.K. Zircon-scale insights into the history of a Supervolcano, Bishop Tuff, Long Valley, California, with implications for the Ti-in-zircon geothermometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol 161, 293–311 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0532-0

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