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Stabilization and reactivation of cratonic lithosphere from the lower crustal record in the western Canadian shield

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Abstract

New U–Pb geochronology for an extensive exposure of high-pressure granulites in the East Lake Athabasca region of the western Canadian shield is consistent with a history characterized by 2.55 Ga stabilization of cratonic lithosphere, 650 million years of lower crustal residence and cratonic stability, and 1.9 Ga reactivation of the craton during lithospheric attenuation and asthenospheric upwelling. High precision single-grain and fragment zircon data define distinctive discordia arrays between 2.55 and 1.9 Ga. U–Pb ion microprobe spot analyses yield a similar range of U–Pb dates with no obvious correlation between date and cathodoluminescence zonation. We attribute the complex U–Pb zircon systematics to growth of the primary populations during a 2.55 Ga high-pressure granulite facies event (~1.3 GPa, 850°C) recorded by the dominant mineral assemblage of the mafic granulite gneisses, with subsequent zircon recrystallization and minor secondary zircon growth during a second high-pressure granulite facies event (1.0 GPa, ~800°C) at 1.9 Ga. The occurrence of two discrete granulite facies metamorphic events in the lower crust, separated by an interval of 650 million years that included isobaric cooling for at least some of this time, suggests that the rocks resided at lower crustal depths until 1.9 Ga. We infer that this phase of lower crustal residence and little tectonic activity is coincident with an extended period of cratonic stability. Detailed structural and thermochronological datasets indicate that multistage unroofing of the lower crustal rocks occurred in the following 200 million years. Extended lower crustal residence would logically be the history inferred for lower crust in most cratonic regions, but the unusual aspect of the history in the East Lake Athabasca region is the subsequent lithospheric reactivation that initiated transport of the lower crust to the surface. We suggest that a weakened strength profile related to the 1.9 Ga heating left the lithosphere susceptible to far-field tectonic stresses from bounding orogens that drove the lower crustal exhumation. An ultimate return to cratonic stability is responsible for the preservation of this extensive lower crustal exposure since 1.7 Ga.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0310215 to S. A. Bowring and M. L. Williams, and a NSF graduate fellowship and Geological Society of America student research grant to R. M. Flowers. We thank Alexis Ault for assistance during two field seasons. Helpful tectonic and petrologic discussions with Philippe Goncalves and Greg Dumond are greatly appreciated. We thank Urs Schaltegger and an anonymous reviewer for comments that helped clarify the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Rebecca M. Flowers & Kevin H. Mahan

  2. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Samuel A. Bowring

  3. Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    Michael L. Williams

  4. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    Ian S. Williams

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  1. Rebecca M. Flowers
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  2. Samuel A. Bowring
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Correspondence to Rebecca M. Flowers.

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Communicated by T.L. Grove.

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Flowers, R.M., Bowring, S.A., Mahan, K.H. et al. Stabilization and reactivation of cratonic lithosphere from the lower crustal record in the western Canadian shield. Contrib Mineral Petrol 156, 529–549 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0301-5

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