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Depleted and enriched mantle processes under the Rio Grande rift: spinel peridotite xenoliths

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Abstract

Upper mantle xenoliths from the southern Rio Grande rift axis (Potrillo and Elephant Butte) and flank (Adam’s Diggings) have been investigated to determine chemical depletion and enrichment processes. The variation of modal, whole rock, and mineral compositions reflect melt extraction. Fractional melting is the likely process. Fractional melting calculations show that most spinel peridotites from rift axis locations have undergone <5% melting versus 7–14% melting for xenoliths from the rift shoulder, although the total range of fractional melting overlaps at all three locations. In the rift axis, deformed (equigranular and porphyroclastic texture) spinel peridotites are generally characterized by significantly less fractional melting (2–5%) than undeformed (protogranular) xenoliths (up to 16%). This difference may reflect undeformed xenoliths being derived from greater depths and higher temperatures than deformed rocks. Spinel peridotites from the axis and shoulder of the Rio Grande rift have undergone mantle metasomatism subsequent to melt extraction. Under the rift shoulder spinel peridotites have undergone both cryptic and patent (modal) metasomatism, possibly during separate events, whereas the upper mantle under the rift axis has undergone only cryptic metasomatism by alkali basaltic magma.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ian Ridley (US Geological Survey in Denver) for providing access to the LA-ICPMS facility and Charlie Blount for assistance with the Colorado School of Mines microprobe. Critical reviews by Michael Roden, Doug Smith, Craig Simmons, and Greg Holden are appreciated.

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  1. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    Y. Kil & R. F. Wendlandt

  2. New Ventures, Korea National Oil Corporation, 1588-14 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 431-711, South Korea

    Y. Kil

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  1. Y. Kil
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Correspondence to Y. Kil.

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Communicated by T.L. Groove.

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Kil, Y., Wendlandt, R.F. Depleted and enriched mantle processes under the Rio Grande rift: spinel peridotite xenoliths . Contrib Mineral Petrol 154, 135–151 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0183-y

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