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A subduction wedge origin for Paleoarchean peridotitic diamonds and harzburgites from the Panda kimberlite, Slave craton: evidence from Re–Os isotope systematics

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Abstract

An extensive study of peridotitic sulfide inclusion bearing diamonds and their prospective harzburgitic host rocks from the 53 Ma Panda kimberlite pipe, Ekati Mine, NWT Canada, has been undertaken with the Re–Os system to establish their age and petrogenesis. Diamonds with peridotitic sulfide inclusions have poorly aggregated nitrogen (<30% N as B centers) at N contents of 200–800 ppm which differs from that of chromite and silicate bearing diamonds and indicates residence in the cooler portion of the Slave craton lithospheric mantle. For most of the sulfide inclusions, relatively low Re contents (average 0.457 ppm) and high Os contents (average 339 ppm) lead to extremely low 187Re/188Os, typically << 0.05. An age of 3.52 ± 0.17 Ga (MSWD = 0.46) and a precise initial 187Os/188Os of 0.1093 ± 0.0001 are given by a single regression of 11 inclusions from five diamonds that individually provide coincident internal isochrons. This initial Os isotopic composition is 6% enriched in 187Os over 3.5 Ga chondritic or primitive mantle. Sulfide inclusions with less radiogenic initial Os isotopic compositions reflect isotopic heterogeneity in diamond forming fluids. The harzburgites have even lower initial 187Os/188Os than the sulfide inclusions, some approaching the isotopic composition of 3.5 Ga chondritic mantle. In several cases isotopically distinct sulfides occur in different growth zones of the same diamond. This supports a model where C–O–H–S fluids carrying a radiogenic Os signature were introduced into depleted harzburgite and produced diamonds containing sulfides conforming to the 3.5 Ga isochron. Reaction of this fluid with harzburgite led to diamonds with less radiogenic inclusions while elevating the Os isotope ratios of some harzburgites. Subduction is a viable way of introducing such fluids. This implies a role for subduction in creating early continental nuclei at 3.5 Ga and generating peridotitic diamonds.

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Acknowledgments

Discussions with Graham Pearson and Mark Schmitz are greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful to BHP Diamonds and to the Diamond Trading Company (a De Beers Group Company) for making diamonds available for study. Mary Horan and Tim Mock are thanked for their help in the DTM chemistry and mass spectrometry labs (respectively). Judith Milledge at the University College London is thanked for her continuous support over the years with ideas and software for the reduction of FTIR absorption data. Frank Spear assisted in calculating garnet compositions. Bill Davis and Wouter Bleeker generously shared their perspectives on Slave craton evolution. The manuscript benefited from the careful reviews of Mark Schmitz and Maya Kopylova. This work was supported in the USA chiefly by the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NSF EAR Continental Dynamics Grant 9526840 and in South Africa by the Department of Geological Sciences of the University of Cape Town and the National Research Foundation.

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  1. K. J. Westerlund

    Present address: Swedish Geological/Hifab AB, P.O. Box 19090, 10432, Stockholm, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa

    K. J. Westerlund, S. H. Richardson & J. J. Gurney

  2. Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC, 20015, USA

    S. B. Shirey & R. W. Carlson

  3. Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

    J. W. Harris

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  1. K. J. Westerlund
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  2. S. B. Shirey
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  3. S. H. Richardson
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  4. R. W. Carlson
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  5. J. J. Gurney
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Correspondence to S. B. Shirey.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove

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Westerlund, K.J., Shirey, S.B., Richardson, S.H. et al. A subduction wedge origin for Paleoarchean peridotitic diamonds and harzburgites from the Panda kimberlite, Slave craton: evidence from Re–Os isotope systematics. Contrib Mineral Petrol 152, 275–294 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0101-8

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