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Mesoproterozoic rifting and Pan-African continental collision in SE India: evidence from the Khariar alkaline complex

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Abstract

The suture zone between the Bhandara craton and the granulite-facies rocks of the Eastern Ghats Province in SE India contains a number of deformed alkaline and tholeiitic intrusives. The Khariar alkaline complex is one of the several occurrences which intruded in the Mesoproterozoic (1,480±17 Ma, 2σ) and was deformed during the Pan-African tectonothermal event. The geochemical signatures indicate a rift-related setting for the magmatic activity. The nepheline syenite parent magma may have been produced by in-mantle fractionation of clinopyroxene and Ti-rich amphibole from a basanitic primary magma derived from an enriched spinel lherzolite mantle source in the sub-continental lithosphere. Geochemical variations in the Khariar alkaline suite can be modeled by the fractionation of clinopyroxene, amphibole, titanite, zircon, apatite and allanite. The Mesoproterozoic alkaline magmatism at Khariar marks the initiation of a NE-SW rift which formed several craton margin basins and opened an ocean towards the south. The sediments of the cratogenic basins and the Eastern Ghats Province were deposited in these rift-related basins. A K-Ar age of 1,330±53 Ma from glauconites in sandstone suggests that the NW-SE trending Godavari–Pranhita graben formed at approximately the same time as the rift at the craton margin. If the two are related, the Godavari–Pranhita graben may represent the failed arm of a rift system in which the NE-SW arm was the active segment. The granulite-facies deformation and metamorphism of the Eastern Ghats Province sediments may be related to an episode of Grenvillian basin inversion. The Mesoproterozoic rifting and Grenvillian basin closure may thus represent two well-defined parts of a Wilson cycle i.e. the opening and closure of an ocean. The Khariar and other alkaline bodies were, however, deformed during a Pan-African collisional event associated with the westward thrusting of the Eastern Ghats Province granulites over the cratonic foreland.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof. J. Erzinger from GFZ, Potsdam for providing analytical facilities to perform ICP-MS and ICP-AES analyses on selected samples. Dewashish Upadhyay is grateful to Ms. M. Feth and Ms. H. M. Baier for their help during the course of analytical work at Berlin and Münster respectively and Mr. Swaminathan S. for assistance during field work. We also thank our colleagues at the Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Bonn for their support during the course of the study. Field work of D.U. was supported through DAAD-DST (India) PPP-project no. D/02/31713 and is duly acknowledged. Constructive reviews by Prof. B. G. J. Upton and Prof. E. Hegner are also acknowledged.

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  1. D. Upadhyay

    Present address: Zentrallabor für Geochronologie, Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    D. Upadhyay & M. M. Raith

  2. Zentrallabor für Geochronologie, Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    K. Mezger

  3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, 721302, Kharagpur, India

    A. Bhattacharya

  4. Tectonics Special Research Centre, Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, 6845, Perth, Western Australia

    P. D. Kinny

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Upadhyay, D., Raith, M.M., Mezger, K. et al. Mesoproterozoic rifting and Pan-African continental collision in SE India: evidence from the Khariar alkaline complex. Contrib Mineral Petrol 151, 434–456 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0069-4

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