Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate static and dynamic infrared (IR) thermography for intra- and postoperative free-flap monitoring following oropharyngeal reconstruction. Sixteen patients with oropharyngeal reconstruction by free radial forearm flap were included in this prospective, clinical study (05/2013–08/2014). Prior (“intraop_pre”) and following (“intraop_post”) completion of the microvascular anastomoses, IR thermography was performed for intraoperative flap monitoring. Further IR images were acquired one day (“postop_1”) and 10 days (“postop_10”) after surgery for postoperative flap monitoring. Of the 16, 15 transferred free radial forearm flaps did not show any perfusion failure. A significant decreasing mean temperature difference (∆T: temperature difference between the flap surface and the surrounding tissue in Kelvin) was measured at all investigation points in comparison with the temperature difference at “intraop_pre” (mean values on all patients: ∆T intraop_pre = −2.64 K; ∆T intraop_post = −1.22 K, p < 0.0015; ∆T postop_1 = −0.54 K, p < 0.0001; ∆T postop_10 = −0.58 K, p < 0.0001). Intraoperative dynamic IR thermography showed typical pattern of non-pathological rewarming due to re-established flap perfusion after completion of the microvascular anastomoses. Static and dynamic IR thermography is a promising, objective method for intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of free-flap reconstructions in head and neck surgery and to detect perfusion failure, before macroscopic changes in the tissue surface are obvious. A lack of significant decrease of the temperature difference compared to surrounding tissue following completion of microvascular anastomoses and an atypical rewarming following a thermal challenge are suggestive of flap perfusion failure.
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The study protocol was approved by the IRB (AZ.: 099-13-22042013). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Just, M., Chalopin, C., Unger, M. et al. Monitoring of microvascular free flaps following oropharyngeal reconstruction using infrared thermography: first clinical experiences. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273, 2659–2667 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3780-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3780-9