Abstract
Background
Several genetic polymorphisms increase the risk for venous thrombembolism (VTE). In particular, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are known to enhance the risk for VTE and are therefore contraindicated.
Case
We present here the case of a patient with protein S deficiency, who has used COCs together with anticoagulatory therapy (Phenprocoumon) after suffering from deep venous thromboses for 4 years. At the time of her first consultation at our clinic, the ultrasound examination showed a complete involution of her venous thrombosis.
Conclusion
COCs can be used in patients with thrombogenic mutations and anticoagulatory therapy in individual cases.
References
Mohllajee AP, Curtis KM, Martins SL et al (2006) Does use of hormonal contraceptives among women with thrombogenic mutations increase their risk of venous thromboembolism? a systematic review. Contraception 73:166–178. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.011
Vandenbroucke JP, Rosing J, Bloemenkamp KW et al (2001) Oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 344:1527–1535. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105173442007
Seligsohn U, Lubetsky A (2001) Genetic susceptibility to venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 344:1222–1231. doi:10.1056/NEJM200104193441607
Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briët E et al (1994) Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 344:1453–1457. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90286-0
Dentali F, Crowther M, Ageno W (2006) Thrombophilic abnormalities, oral contraceptives, and risk of cerebral vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis. Blood 107:2766–2773. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3578
Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J et al (2004) Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 35:664–670. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26
Kalev M, Day T, Van de Water N et al (1999) Screening for a prothrombotic diathesis in patients attending family planning clinics. N Z Med J 112:358–361
The European Genetics Foundation (2005) Thrombophilia and venous thromboembolism. International consensus statement—guidelines according to scientific evidence. Int Angiol 24:1–26. doi:10.1159/000081042
Aiach M, Alhenc-Gelas M, Borgel D et al (2006) Coagulation factor mutations and thrombosis. Med Sci (Paris) 22:985–989
Vossen CY, Conard J, Fontcuberta J et al (2005) Risk of a first venous thrombotic event in carriers of a familial thrombophilic defect. The European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia (EPCOT). J Thromb Haemost 3:459–464. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01197.x
Bucciarelli P, Rosendaal FR, Tripodi A et al (1999) Risk of venous thromboembolism and clinical manifestations in carriers of antithrombin, protein C, protein S deficiency, or activated protein C resistance: a multicenter collaborative family study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19:1026–1033
Sanson BJ, Simioni P, Tormene D, Moia M et al (1999) The incidence of venous thromboembolism in asymptomatic carriers of a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C, or protein S: a prospective cohort study. Blood 94:3702–3706
Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V et al (1998) Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia. A study of 150 families. Blood 92:2353–2358
De Stefano V, Leone G, Mastrangelo S et al (1994) Clinical manifestations and management of inherited thrombophilia. Retrospective analysis and follow-up after diagnosis of 238 patients with congenital deficiency of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S. Thromb Haemost 72:352–358
Pabinger I, Kyrle PA, Heistinger M et al (1994) The risk of thromboembolism in asymptomatic patients with protein C and protein S deficiency: a prospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost 71:441–445
International Collaborative Post-Marketing Surveillance of Norplant (2001) Post-marketing surveillance of Norplant((R)) contraceptive implants: II. Non-reproductive health (1). Contraception 63:187–209. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00187-1
World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease, Steroid Hormone Contraception (1998) Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives. Results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. Contraception 57:315–324. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(98)00041-9
Vossen CY, Walker ID, Svensson P et al (2005) Recurrence rate after a first venous thrombosis in patients with familial thrombophilia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25:1992–1997. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174806.76629.7b
Van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP et al (1993) Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors. Arch Int Med 153:1557–1562. doi:10.1001/archinte.153.13.1557
Palareti G, Leali N, Coccheri S et al (1996) Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inceptioncohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT). Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy. Lancet 348:423–428. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)01109-9
Mönig H, Baese C, Heidemann H et al (1990) Effect of oral contraceptive steroids on the pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon. Br J Clin Pharmacol 30:115–118
de Teresa E, Vera A, Ortigosa J et al (1979) Interaction between anticoagulants and contraceptives: an unsuspected finding. BMJ 2:1260–1261
Watson HG, Chee YL (2008) Aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Blood Rev 22:107–116. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2007.11.001
Conflict of interest statement
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ott, J., Promberger, R., Kaufmann, U. et al. Venous thrombembolism, thrombophilic defects, combined oral contraception and anticoagulation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 280, 811–814 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-009-0997-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-009-0997-0