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Both all-trans retinoic acid and cytochrome P450 (CYP26) inhibitors affect the expression of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes and retinoid biomarkers in organotypic epidermis

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Abstract

The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinol is controlled by several enzymes, e.g. dehydrogenases (RalDH2, RoDH-4) and retinol-esterifying enzyme (LRAT), whereas its degradation mainly involves CYP26 enzymes. In keratinocytes, RA activates the nuclear retinoid-receptors inducing the transcription of many genes. Here, we examined the effects of RA and the CYP26 inhibitors, liarozole and talarozole, on retinoid metabolism and RA-regulated genes in organotypic epidermis. RA induced the expression of CYP26 enzymes already after 8 h, whereas LRAT exhibited a later response and peaked at 48 h, indicating a feedback induction of retinol esterification. In line with a reduced biosynthesis of RA from retinol after exogenous RA, the expression of RDH16 reduced 80% in response to exogenous RA. The mRNA expression of RA-regulated genes (KRT2, KRT4, CRABPII and HBEGF) was altered within 24 h after RA exposure. In contrast, the CYP26 inhibitors caused only minor effects, except for a clear-cut induction of CYP26A1 only when combined with minute amounts of exogenous RA. Cellular accumulation of exogenous [3H]RA was higher after talarozole than after liarozole, probably indicating a greater CYP26-inhibitory potency of the former drug. The present study shows that CYP26A1 expression is extremely sensitive to both exogenous RA and increased endogenous RA levels, i.e. due to CYP26 inhibition, and thus an excellent biomarker for retinoid signalling in organotypic epidermis.

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Acknowledgments

The valuable technical assistance by Inger Pihl-Lundin is gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council (74X-07133), the Erik, Karin och Gösta Selanders Foundation, the Edvard Welander and Finsen Foundations and The Swedish Psoriasis Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden

    Elizabeth Pavez Loriè, Jean Christopher Chamcheu, Anders Vahlquist & Hans Törmä

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  1. Elizabeth Pavez Loriè
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  2. Jean Christopher Chamcheu
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  3. Anders Vahlquist
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Correspondence to Hans Törmä.

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Pavez Loriè, E., Chamcheu, J.C., Vahlquist, A. et al. Both all-trans retinoic acid and cytochrome P450 (CYP26) inhibitors affect the expression of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes and retinoid biomarkers in organotypic epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 301, 475–485 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-009-0937-7

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