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Outcome of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections caused by pathogens resistant to biofilm-active antibiotics: results from a prospective cohort study

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
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Abstract

Background

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) caused by pathogens, for which no biofilm-active antibiotics are available, are often referred to as difficult-to-treat (DTT). However, it is unclear whether the outcome of DTT PJI is worse than those of non-DTT PJI. We evaluated the outcome of DTT and non-DTT PJI in a prospective cohort treated with a two-stage exchange according to a standardized algorithm.

Methods

Patients with hip and knee PJI from 2013 to 2015 were prospectively included and followed up for ≥ 2 years. DTT PJI was defined as growth of microorganism(s) resistant to all available biofilm-active antibiotics. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare the probability of infection-free survival between DTT and non-DTT PJI and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.

Results

Among 163 PJI, 30 (18.4%) were classified as DTT and 133 (81.6%) as non-DTT. At a mean follow-up of 33 months (range 24–48 months), the overall treatment success was 82.8%. The infection-free survival rate at 2 years was 80% (95% CI 61–90%) for DTT PJI and 84% (95% CI 76–89%) for non-DTT PJI (p = 0.61). The following mean values were longer in DTT PJI than in non-DTT PJI: hospital stay (45 vs. 28 days; p < 0.001), prosthesis-free interval (89 vs. 58 days; p < 0.001) and duration of antimicrobial treatment (151 vs. 117 days; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The outcome of DTT and non-DTT PJI was similar (80–84%), however, at the cost of longer hospital stay, longer prosthesis-free interval and longer antimicrobial treatment. It remains unclear whether patients undergoing two-stage exchange with a long interval need biofilm-active antibiotics. Further studies need to evaluate the outcome in patients treated with biofilm-active antibiotics undergoing short vs. long interval.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Doruk Akgün, Carsten Perka, Andrej Trampuz & Nora Renz

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  1. Doruk Akgün
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Correspondence to Doruk Akgün.

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Authors DA, NR and AT declare that they have no conflict of interest. Author CP reports grants from Aesculap, personal fees from Zimmer, Smith & Nephew, Depuy/Synthes, Ceramtec and Link, outside the submitted work.

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Akgün, D., Perka, C., Trampuz, A. et al. Outcome of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections caused by pathogens resistant to biofilm-active antibiotics: results from a prospective cohort study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138, 635–642 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-2886-0

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