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Simple shoulder test and Oxford Shoulder Score: Persian translation and cross-cultural validation

  • Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the simple shoulder test (SST) and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) into Persian language using a cross-sectional and prospective cohort design.

Methods

A standard forward and backward translation was followed to culturally adapt the SST and the OSS into Persian language. Psychometric properties of floor and ceiling effects, construct convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, standard error of the measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and factor structure were determined.

Results

One hundred patients with shoulder disorders and 50 healthy subjects participated in the study. The PSST and the POSS showed no missing responses. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Both the PSST and POSS detected differences between patients and healthy subjects supporting their discriminant validity. Construct convergent validity was confirmed by a very good correlation between the PSST and POSS (r = 0.68). There was high internal consistency for both the PSST (α = 0.73) and the POSS (α = 0.91 and 0.92). Test–retest reliability with 1-week interval was excellent (ICCagreement = 0.94 for PSST and 0.90 for POSS). Factor analyses demonstrated a three-factor solution for the PSST (49.7 % of variance) and a two-factor solution for the POSS (61.6 % of variance). The SEM/SDC was satisfactory for PSST (5.5/15.3) and POSS (6.8/18.8).

Conclusions

The PSST and POSS are valid and reliable outcome measures for assessing functional limitations in Persian-speaking patients with shoulder disorders.

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Acknowledgments

We thank subjects for their participation in this study. The authors thank Research Deputy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences for supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave, Pitch-e-shemiran, 11489, Tehran, Iran

    Soofia Naghdi, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Nilufar Rustaie & Maryam Senobari

  2. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Akbari

  3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Safoora Ebadi

  4. Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Scott Hasson

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  1. Soofia Naghdi
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Correspondence to Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari.

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Naghdi, S., Nakhostin Ansari, N., Rustaie, N. et al. Simple shoulder test and Oxford Shoulder Score: Persian translation and cross-cultural validation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 135, 1707–1718 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2330-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2330-7

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