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Primary clavicle tumors and tumorous lesions: a review of 206 cases in East Asia

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  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to systematically review the published literature from East Asia on the clinical, pathological, and epidemiological characteristics of primary clavicle tumor and tumorous lesions.

Methods

A computerized search based on keywords “clavicle,” “tumor,” and “tumorous lesion” (both in Chinese and in English) was performed on literature published from 1980 to 2011 in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Mongolia. An analysis was carried out with unified inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Two hundred and six cases were identified. The age of onset ranged from 1.5 to 70, with an average age of 29.4, and a male/female ratio of 1.53:1. Lesion locations included 28.9% in medial third, 18.8% in the middle third, and 33.6% in the lateral third of the clavicle. Another 7.4% involved both the medial and middle thirds, 7.4% involved both the middle and lateral thirds, and 4.0% involved the entire length of the clavicle. Major pathological types included 18.5% eosinophilic granuloma, 10.2% plasmocytoma, 7.8% Ewing sarcoma, 8.7% osteosarcoma, 8.7% osteochondroma, and 5.3% chondrosarcoma. The age of onset was found to be strongly correlated with the benign/malignant ratio. Clavicle malignancy was rarely found in patients younger than 10 years, while the incidence of malignancy greatly increased among patients over 40 years old. Total or subtotal claviculectomy was the most common treatment in cases for which treatment information was available. Of these, 40.8% of patients received reconstruction with allograft or autograft.

Conclusions

Clavicle tumors and tumorous lesions in East Asia had an inclined occurrence in respect to age and gender. The most common tumors were eosinophilic granuloma and tumors derived from the bone marrow hematopoietic system. Age of onset was found to be a risk factor for malignancy. These characteristics may be related to the special tissue structures and mode of development in the clavicle as well as to the genetic traits of the typical Mongoloids in East Asia.

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Conflict of interest

The authors disclose no conflict of interest. No author received any honoraria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Ke Ren, SuJia Wu, Xin Shi & JianNing Zhao

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, 174 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of china

    XinWei Liu

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Correspondence to Ke Ren.

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402_2012_1462_MOESM1_ESM.doc

33-98. References items published in Chinese languege, seen in the supplemental file named “Complete References as an appendix” (DOC 205 kb)

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Ren, K., Wu, S., Shi, X. et al. Primary clavicle tumors and tumorous lesions: a review of 206 cases in East Asia. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 132, 883–889 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-012-1462-2

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