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Umgang mit ICD-Patienten an ihrem Lebensende: Einstellungen, Wissen und Verhalten von Ärzten und Patienten

Eine kritische Literaturanalyse

Treating ICD patients at the end of their lives: attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of doctors and patients

A critical literature analysis

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Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der implantierte Kardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD) erlaubt einen wirksamen Schutz vor malignen Herzrhythmusstörungen. Dass am Lebensende das ICD-Gerät mit wiederholten Schockabgaben zu einem traumatisierenden Sterbeprozess führen kann, ist ein ethisches Dilemma. Wir untersuchten den empirischen Stand des Wissens und Handelns der Ärzte und die Bedürfnisse der betroffenen ICD-Patienten in dieser kritischen Lebensphase.

Methode

Die Literaturrecherche zwischen 8/2010 und 3/2011 in PubMed mit Publikationen ab 1990 führte zu 32 Einzelarbeiten, von denen 25 als themenrelevant angesehen wurden.

Ergebnisse

In praktisch keiner klinischen Einrichtung in Europa (96%) werden Fragen zum Umgang mit dem ICD am Lebensende routinemäßig dem ICD-Patienten angeboten. Nur bei rund 25% der sterbenden Patienten kommt es zu einer vom Arzt initiierten Aussprache, die in den meisten Fällen erst in den letzten Stunden vor dem Tod des Patienten stattfindet. Bei rund der Hälfte der Ärzte bestehen Unsicherheiten über die Legalität einer Gerätedeaktivierung. Ärzte haben oft unrealistische Vorstellungen über den Wissensstand der Patienten und sind über Einzelheiten der ICD-Schocktherapie unzureichend informiert. Nur sehr wenige Daten existieren über Patientenwünsche. Insgesamt scheinen ICD-Patienten einer Diskussion über dieses Thema reserviert gegenüber zu stehen und mehrheitlich den Wunsch zu haben, eine Entscheidung dem Arzt zu überlassen.

Schlussfolgerung

Trotz mangelhafter empirischer Basis sprechen die vorhandenen Daten für eine geringe Bereitschaft der ICD-Patienten, sich mit Fragen des Lebensendes auseinander zu setzen und für ausgeprägte Wissenslücken der Ärzte, die als Barrieren für ein angemessenes Verhalten verantwortlich sind.

Abstract

Background

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is highly effective in the therapy of malign heart rhythm abnormalities. However, the ethical dilemma of harming a dying patient has received little attention. We studied the current state of knowledge and behavior of physicians and the subjective needs of ICD patients with respect to end-of-life issues.

Methods

A literature search of articles published between 8/2010 and 3/2011 in PubMed resulted in the identification of 32 reports, of which 25 met selection criteria.

Results

Practically no clinical institution (96% in Europe) offers routine counseling of ICD patients on end-of-life issues. In only about 25% of cases do doctors initiate a discussion on this issue with the ICD patient, of which the majority takes place during the final hours of the patient’s life. Knowledge of legal aspects of ICD deactivation is insufficient in about 50% of physicians. Many physicians underestimate the impact of ICD shocks and often have unrealistic expectations about the patient’s knowledge on technical aspects of the ICD device. The majority of patients are reluctant to address this topic and prefer to rely on the decision of their attending physician.

Conclusion

Despite insufficient empirical data, findings point to a low willingness of ICD patients to confront the end-of-life issue and prefer decisions to be made by their physician. Substantial knowledge gaps of physicians may cause barriers in considering the option of deactivating the ICD.

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Ladwig, KH., Ischinger, N., Ronel, J. et al. Umgang mit ICD-Patienten an ihrem Lebensende: Einstellungen, Wissen und Verhalten von Ärzten und Patienten. Herzschr. Elektrophys. 22, 151–156 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-011-0138-x

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