Abstract
In this work, we describe methods for the preparation of suspensions of micron-sized iron particles grafted with different surfactants. The aim is to obtain well-dispersed magnetorheological (MR) fluids. The effectiveness of the surfactants as dispersants was analyzed quantitatively by means of rheological measurements. With this objective, the viscosity of the suspensions was measured, and the results were compared with the prediction of the Batchelor’s formula (Batchelor, J Fluid Mech 83:97–117, 1977). The effect of dispersion on the MR properties of the suspensions was also studied. It was found that the quality of the dispersion of a suspension does not have an important effect on the magnitude of the field-induced yield stress but does on the change of viscosity induced by the field. It was also found that the transition from the solid-like state to the liquid-like one happens very smoothly for well-dispersed suspensions, contrarily to the abrupt transition for poorly dispersed suspensions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnes HA, Hutton JR, Walters K (1998) An introduction to rheology. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Batchelor GK (1977) Effect of Brownian-motion on bulk stress in a suspension of spherical-particles. J Fluid Mech 83:97–117
Bossis G, Volkova O, Lacis S, Meunier A (2002) Magnetorheology: fluids, structures and rheology. In: Odenbach S (ed) Ferrofluids. Springer, Berlin, pp 202–230
Charles SW (2002) The preparation of magnetic fluids. In: Odenbach S (ed) Ferrofluids. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–19
Delgado AV, Arroyo FJ (2002) Electrokinetic phenomena and their experimental determination. In: Delgado AV (ed) Interfacial electrokinetics and electrophoresis, Surfactant Science Series. vol. 106. Dekker, New York, pp 1–54
De Vicente J, Delgado AV, Plaza RC, Durán JDG, González-Caballero F (2000) Stability of cobalt ferrite colloidal particles. Effect of pH and applied magnetic fields. Langmuir 16:7954–7961
De Vicente J, López-López MT, González-Caballero F, Durán JDG (2003) Rheological study of the stabilization of magnetizable colloidal suspensions by addition of silica nanoparticles. J Rheol 47:1093–1109, DOI 10.1122/1.1595094
Einstein A (1906) Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen. Ann Phys 324:289–306, DOI 10.1002/andp.19063240205
Einstein A (1911) Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen. Ann Phys 339:591–592, DOI 10.1002/andp.19113390313
Ginder JM (1998) Behavior of magnetorheological fluids. MRS Bull 23:26–29
Ginder JM, Elie LD, Davis LC (1996) Magnetic fluid-based magnetorheological fluids. US Patent 5.549.837
Hunter RJ (1987) Foundations of colloid science, vol I. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Krieger IM, Dougherty TJ (1959) A mechanism for non-Newtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres. Trans Soc Rheol 3:137–152
Larson RG (1999) The structure and rheology of complex fluids. Oxford University Press, New York
López-López MT, de Vicente J, González-Caballero F, Durán JDG (2005a) Stability of magnetizable colloidal suspensions by addition of oleic acid and silica nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A 264:75–81, DOI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.026
López-López MT, de Vicente J, Bossis G, González-Caballero F, Durán JDG (2005b) Preparation of stable magnetorheological fluids based on extremely bimodal iron-magnetite suspensions. J Mater Res 20:874–881, DOI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0108
López-López MT, Zugaldía A, González-Caballero F, Durán JDG (2006a) Sedimentation and redispersion phenomena in iron-based magnetorheological fluids. J Rheol 50:543–560, DOI 10.1122/1.2206716
López-López MT, Kuzhir P, Lacis S, Bossis G, González-Caballero F, Durán JDG (2006b) Magnetorheology for suspensions of solid particles dispersed in ferrofluids. J Phys Condens Mat 18:S2803–S2813
Macosko CW (1994) Rheology: principles, measurements, and applications. Wiley, New York
Ochonski W (2005) The attraction of ferrofluid bearings. Mach Des 3:96–102
Park JH, Chin BD, Park OK (2001) Rheological properties and stabilization of magnetorheological fluids in a water-in-oil emulsion. J Colloid Interf Sci 240:349–354, DOI 10.1006/jcis.2001.7622
Phulé PP, Ginder JM (1998) The materials science of field-responsive fluids. MRS Bull 23:19–21
Phulé PP, Mihalcin MP, Genc S (1999) The role of the dispersed-phase remnant magnetization on the redispersibility of magnetorheological fluids. J Mater Res 14:3037–3041
Rankin PJ, Horvath AT, Klingenberg DJ (1999) Magnetorheology in viscoplastic media. Rheol Acta 38:471–477
Rosensweig RE (1985) Ferrohydrodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Russel WB, Saville DA, Schowalter WR (1989) Colloidal dispersion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Van Ewijk GA, Vroege GJ, Philipse AP (1999) Convenient preparation methods for magnetic colloids. J Magn Magn Mater 201:31–33
Van Oss CJ, Chaudhury MK, Good RJ (1998) Interfacial Lifshitz–van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systems. Chem Rev 88:927–941, DOI 10.1021/cr00088a006
Viota JL, de Vicente J, Durán JDG, Delgado AV (2005) Stabilization of magnetorheological suspensions by polyacrylic acid polymers. J Colloid Interf Sci 284:527–541, DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.10.024
Acknowledgments
Eureka E!3733 Hydrosmart project is acknowledged for the financial support. One of the authors (M.T.L.-L.) also acknowledges financial support by Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación (MEC, Spain) through its Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
López-López, M.T., Kuzhir, P., Bossis, G. et al. Preparation of well-dispersed magnetorheological fluids and effect of dispersion on their magnetorheological properties. Rheol Acta 47, 787–796 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-008-0271-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-008-0271-6