Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of the third monomer on lauryl methacrylate–methyl methacrylate emulsion terpolymerization

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Colloid and Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An experimental study shows how the emulsion terpolymerization of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and methyl methacrylate is influenced by the nature of the third monomer. The third monomer is either glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, or styrene. We report the synthesis of terpolymer particles with an appreciably high content of the very hydrophobic LMA (between 0.2515 and 0.238 molar fraction in the monomer mixture) in 60:40 weight water/ethanol mixture as the continuous phase, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a polymeric steric stabilizer, and potassium peroxodisulfate as the initiator. The emulsion terpolymerization proceeds smoothly without the formation of coagulum and leads to particles with an average diameter clearly below 1 μm. We discuss the overall polymerization behavior regarding conversion–time curves, particle morphology, and glass transition temperature of the terpolymers in dependence of the lyophilicity/lyophobicity of the monomer mixture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hernandez HF, Tauer K (2002) In: Schlüter AD, Hawker CJ, Sakamoto J (eds) Synthesis of polymers. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 741–773

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lau W (2002) Emulsion polymerization of hydrophobic monomers. Macromol Symp 182:283–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tauer K, Ali AMI, Yildiz U, Sedlak M (2005) On the role of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity in aqueous heterophase polymerization. Polymer 46:1003–1015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Xu WJ, Zhu XL, Cheng ZP, Chen JY (2003) Atom transfer radical polymerization of lauryl methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 90:1117–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Xu YY, Becker H, Yuan JY, Burkhardt M, Zhang Y, Walther A, Bolisetty S, Ballauff M, Muller AHE (2007) Double-grafted cylindrical brushes: synthesis and characterization of poly(lauryl methacrylate) brushes. Macromol Chem Phys 208:1666–1675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lindner K, Saenger W (1982) Crystal and molecular-structure of cyclohepta-amylose dodecahydrate. Carbohydrate Res 99:103–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schneiderman E, Stalcup AM (2000) Cyclodextrins: a versatile tool in separation science. J Chromatogr B 745:83–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Loftsson T, Brewster ME (1996) Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization. J Pharm Sci 85:1017–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Islam MF, Jenkins RD, Bassett DR, Lau W, Ou-Yang HD (2000) Single chain characterization of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes using cyclodextrin/hydrophobe complexes. Macromolecules 33:2480–2485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Leyrer RJ, Machtle W (2000) Emulsion polymerization of hydrophobic monomers like stearyl acrylate with cyclodextrin as a phase transfer agent. Macromol Chem Phys 201:1235–1243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Meyer EE, Islam MF, Lau W, Ou-Yang HD (2000) Complexation kinetics of cyclodextrin with hydrophobic molecules confined in an isolated droplet in water. Langmuir 16:5519–5525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rimmer S, Tattersall PI (1999) The inclusion of beta cyclodextrin provides a supramolecular solution to the problem of polymerization of dodecyl and octadecyl methacrylates in aqueous emulsion. Polymer 40:5729–5731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rimmer S, Tattersall PI (1999) Emulsion polymerizations in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin. Polymer 40:6673–6677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rimmer S (2000) Cyclodextrins in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers. Macromol Symp 150:149–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. You X, Dimonie VL, Klein A (2001) Kinetic study of emulsion copolymerization methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate in propylene glycol, stabilized with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 82:1691–1704

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Habibi A, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Semsarzadeh MA, Sadaghiani K (2004) Estimation of monomer reactivity ratios in free radical solution copolymerization of lauryl methacrylate–isobutyl methacrylate. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem Ed 42:112–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Choi EM, Shin KS, Hwang TS (2010) Synthesis and electrochemical properties of ion exchange membrane based on crosslinked styrene-(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-lauryl methacrylate copolymer. Macromol Res 18:1209–1217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Abere J, Goldfinger G, Naidus H, Mark H (1945) Polymerization of styrene under various experimental conditions. J Phys Chem 49:211–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yosida T, Titani T (1941) Polymerisation von Styrol in schwerem Alkohot. Bull Chemi Soc Japan 16:125–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chern C-S, Yu T-C (2005) Effect of 1-pentanol on the styrene emulsion polymerization. Polymer 46:1899–1904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ahmad H, Hasan MK, Miah MAJ, Ali AMI, Tauer K (2011) Solvent effect on the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate in aqueous media. Polymer 52:3925–3932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ahmad H, Abu-Waesmin M, Rahman MM, Miah MAJ, Tauer K (2013) Preparation of hydrophobic polymer particles by radical polymerization and subsequent modification into magnetically doped particles. J Appl Polym Sci 127:620–627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jin JM, Lee JM, Ha MH, Lee K, Choe S (2007) Highly crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinyl benzene) particles by precipitation polymerization. Polymer 48:3107–3115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Asua JM, Beuermann S, Buback M, Castignolles P, Charleux B, Gilbert RG, Hutchinson RA, Leiza JR, Nikitin AN, Vairon JP, van Herk AM (2004) Critically evaluated rate coefficients for free-radical polymerization. 5. Propagation rate coefficient for butyl acrylate. Macromol Chem Phys 205:2151–2160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Buback M, Kurz CH (1998) Free-radical propagation rate coefficients for cyclohexyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymerizations. Macromol Chem Phys 199:2301–2310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hutchinson RA, Beuermann S, Paquet DA, McMinn JH, Jackson C (1998) Determination of free-radical propagation rate coefficients for cycloalkyl and functional methacrylates by pulsed-laser polymerization. Macromolecules 31:1542–1547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Daubert TE, Danner RP, Sibul HM, Stebbins CC (1998) Physical and thermodynamic properties of pure chemicals: data compilation. Taylor and Francis, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tauer K (2005) Stability of monomer emulsion droplets and implications for polymerizations therein. Polymer 46:1385–1394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Andrews RJ, Grulke EA (1999) In: Brandrup J, Immergut EH, Grulke EA (eds) Polymer handbook (chapter 6). Wiley, New York, p 193

  30. Peyser P (1989) In: Brandrup J., Immergut EH (eds) Polymer handbook (chapter 6). Wiley, New York, p 209

  31. Allen PEM, Downer JM, Hastings GW, Melville HW, Molyneux P, Urwin JR (1956) New methods of preparing block copolymers. Nature 177:910–912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mrs. Rona Pitschke and Mrs. Heike Runge of MPI of Colloid and Interfaces for providing SEM micrographs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh

    Rukhsana Shabnam, Muhammad A. J. Miah & Hasan Ahmad

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK

    Abu M. I. Ali

  3. Max Planck Institute of Colloid and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany

    Klaus Tauer

Authors
  1. Rukhsana Shabnam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abu M. I. Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad A. J. Miah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Klaus Tauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hasan Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Klaus Tauer or Hasan Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shabnam, R., Ali, A.M.I., Miah, M.A.J. et al. Influence of the third monomer on lauryl methacrylate–methyl methacrylate emulsion terpolymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 291, 2111–2120 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-2952-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-2952-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation