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Polymerisation of styrene in microemulsion with catanionic surfactant mixtures

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Abstract

The use of aqueous catanionic surfactant mixtures in the oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion polymerisation of styrene is reported. Catanionic surfactant mixtures of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide 1 and sodium dodecylsulfate 3, or decanediyl-1,10-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) 2, a gemini surfactant, and the anionic surfactant 3 were used. Phase behaviour and polymerisation properties of the microemulsions were studied as a function of the total surfactant concentration and the cationic/anionic surfactant ratio. Single-phase o/w microemulsions were only formed if either the cationic or anionic surfactant were present in large excess. Upon γ-irradiation, polymer nanoparticles were obtained. Using dynamic light scattering, the particle radii were determined to be 10 to 20 nm, the size depending on the total surfactant concentration, the cationic/anionic surfactant ratio and the surfactant/styrene ratio. Size exclusion chromatography indicated molecular weights of polystyrene of between 3×105 and 1.4×106 Daltons. Catanionic 1/3 and 2/3 mixtures differ in their styrene solubilizations. In a 1- or 3-rich system, the solubilization efficiency can be improved by increasing the concentration of the oppositely charged minor surfactant component, while in a 2-rich system the addition of 3 only diminishes the efficiency. Possible reasons for the different behaviours are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Mrs. C. Sulitzky is thanked for the phase behaviour determination, and Dr. L. Belkoura for helping with the particle size determination. Mrs. B. Feist’s help with the GPC measurements is also gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Luxemburgerstr. 116, 50939, Köln, Germany

    Bernd Tieke

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  1. Bernd Tieke
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Correspondence to Bernd Tieke.

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Tieke, B. Polymerisation of styrene in microemulsion with catanionic surfactant mixtures. Colloid Polym Sci 283, 421–430 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-004-1168-2

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