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Cardiac aquaporins

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Abstract

Aquaporins are a group of proteins with high-selective permeability for water. A subgroup called aquaglyceroporins is also permeable to glycerol, urea and a few other solutes. Aquaporin function has mainly been studied in the brain, kidney, glands and skeletal muscle, while the information about aquaporins in the heart is still scarce. The current review explores the recent advances in this field, bringing aquaporins into focus in the context of myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, and blood osmolarity disturbances. Since the amount of data on aquaporins in the heart is still limited, examples and comparisons from better-studied areas of aquaporin biology have been used. The human heart expresses aquaporin-1, -3, -4 and -7 at the protein level. The potential roles of aquaporins in the heart are discussed, and some general phenomena that the myocardial aquaporins share with aquaporins in other organs are elaborated. Cardiac aquaporin-1 is mostly distributed in the microvasculature. Its main role is transcellular water flux across the endothelial membranes. Aquaporin-4 is expressed in myocytes, both in cardiac and in skeletal muscle. In addition to water flux, its function is connected to the calcium signaling machinery. It may play a role in ischemia–reperfusion injury. Aquaglyceroporins, especially aquaporin-7, may serve as a novel pathway for nutrient delivery into the heart. They also mediate toxicity of various poisons. Aquaporins cannot influence permeability by gating, therefore, their function is regulated by changes of expression—on the levels of transcription, translation (by microRNAs), post-translational modification, membrane trafficking, ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Studies using mice genetically deficient for aquaporins have shown rather modest changes in the heart. However, they might still prove to be attractive targets for therapy directed to reduce myocardial edema and injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Gjensidigestiftelsen, the Southeastern Regional Health Trust, the Jahre Foundation, the University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital—Ullevål, the Nansen Foundation, the Norwegian Health Association, and the Norwegian Research Council. We wish to thank our colleagues and collaborators Kåre-Olav Stensløkken, Lars H. Mariero, Marte Bliksøen, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, Ole Petter Ottersen, Mubashar Amin, Vigdis Hillestad, Biljana Skrbic, Lars Gullestad, Gabor Czibik, Marie-Claude Perreault, Christen P. Dahl, Matti Tarkka, Bjørg Riber and Torun Flatebø, and our valuable advisors Kristian Prydz, Kjell Fugelli and Vladimir Dobruskin.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postbox 1103, Blindern, 0371, Oslo, Norway

    Arkady Rutkovskiy & Guro Valen

  2. Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Arkady Rutkovskiy & Guro Valen

  3. Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Arkady Rutkovskiy & Jarle Vaage

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  1. Arkady Rutkovskiy
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  2. Guro Valen
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  3. Jarle Vaage
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Correspondence to Arkady Rutkovskiy.

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Rutkovskiy, A., Valen, G. & Vaage, J. Cardiac aquaporins. Basic Res Cardiol 108, 393 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-013-0393-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-013-0393-6

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