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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Postconditioning promotes the cardiac repair through balancing collagen degradation and synthesis after myocardial infarction in rats

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This article was retracted on 12 February 2015

Abstract

Postconditioning (Postcon) reduces infarct size. However, its role in modulation of cardiac repair after infarction is uncertain. This study tested the hypothesis that Postcon inhibits adverse cardiac repair by reducing degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthesis of collagens via modulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1/Smad signaling pathway. Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min ischemia followed by 3 h, 7 or 42 days of reperfusion, respectively. In acute studies, four cycles of 10/10 s Postcon significantly reduced infarct size, which was blocked by administration of a mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) at reperfusion. In chronic studies, Postcon inhibited MMP activity and preserved ECM from degradation as evidenced by reduced extent of collagen-rich scar and increased mass of viable myocardium. Along with a reduction in collagen synthesis and fibrosis, Postcon significantly down-regulated expression of TGFβ1 and phospho-Smad2/3, and up-regulated Smad7 as compared to the control, consistent with a reduction in the population of α-smooth muscle actin expressing myofibroblasts within the infarcted myocardium. At 42 days of reperfusion, echocardiography showed significant improvements in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction. The wall thickness of the infarcted middle anterior septum in the Postcon was also significantly greater than that in the control. The beneficial effects of Postcon on cardiac repair were comparable to preconditioning and still evident after a blockade with 5-HD. These data suggest that Postcon is effective to promote cardiac repair and preserve cardiac function; protection is potentially mediated by inhibiting ECM degradation and collagen synthesis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by a seed Grant from the Mercer University School of Medicine and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81170145/H0203).

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No conflicts of interest were declared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA

    Zhang-Feng Wang, Ning-Ping Wang, Suzanna Harmouche, Tiji Philip & Zhi-Qing Zhao

  2. Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

    Xue-Fen Pang, Feng Bai & Zhi-Qing Zhao

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, China

    Zhang-Feng Wang

  4. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 4700 Water Avenue, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA

    Zhi-Qing Zhao

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  1. Zhang-Feng Wang
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Correspondence to Zhi-Qing Zhao.

Additional information

Z.-F. Wang and N.-P. Wang contributed equally to this work.

The article “Postconditioning promotes the cardiac repair through balancing collagen degradation and synthesis after myocardial infarction in rats”, Basic Res Cardiol (2013) 108:318, was retracted by the authors who regret to have used different fields of the same samples for MMP staining and western blot assay to represent 2 distinct groups on 2 occasions in Figure 4 and 5. Some of the raw data for the earlier experiments with the use of echocardiography for Figure 8 and 9A were not available for further analysis to exclude that also the same samples were used for 2 distinct groups. The authors regret the effect of this action on the work of other investigators.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00395-015-0469-6.

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Wang, ZF., Wang, NP., Harmouche, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Postconditioning promotes the cardiac repair through balancing collagen degradation and synthesis after myocardial infarction in rats. Basic Res Cardiol 108, 318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-012-0318-9

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