References
Albert TS, Kim RJ, Judd RM (2006) Assessment of no-reflow regions using cardiac MRI. Basic Res Cardiol 101:383–390
Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, Weber DK, Malcom GT, Smialek J, Virmani R (2001) Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death: evidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression. Circulation 103:934–940
Davies JR, Rudd JH, Fryer TD, Graves MJ, Clark JC, Kirkpatrick PJ, Gillard JH, Warburton EA, Weissberg PL (2005) Identification of culprit lesions after transient ischemic attack by combined 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 36:2642–2647
Dietrich T, Perlitz C, Licha K, Stawowy P, Atrott K, Tachezy M, Meyborg H, Stocker C, Grafe M, Fleck E, Schirner M, Graf K (2007) ED-B fibronectin (ED-B) can be targeted using a novel single chain antibody conjugate and is associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Basic Res Cardiol 102:298–307
Eggebrecht H, Heusch G, Erbel R, Ladd ME, Quick HH (2007) Real-time vascular interventional magnetic resonance imaging: the future of aortic stent-graft placement? Basic Res Cardiol 102:1–8
Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V (1995) Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 92:657–671
Gorge G, Ge J, Baumgart D, von Birgelen C, Erbel R (1998) In vivo tomographic assessment of the heart and blood vessels with intravascular ultrasound. Basic Res Cardiol 93:219–240
Jaffer FA, Libby P, Weissleder R (2006) Molecular and cellular imaging of atherosclerosis: emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:1328–1338
Jaffer FA, Libby P, Weissleder R (2007) Molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 116:1052–1061
Jaffer FA, Weissleder R (2005) Molecular imaging in the clinical arena. Jama 293:855–862
Kaul S (2006) Evaluating the ‘no reflow’ phenomenon with myocardial contrast echocardiography. Basic Res Cardiol 101:391–399
Kietselaer BL, Reutelingsperger CP, Heidendal GA, Daemen MJ, Mess WH, Hofstra L, Narula J (2004) Noninvasive detection of plaque instability with use of radiolabeled annexin A5 in patients with carotid-artery atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 350:1472–1473
Naghavi M, Falk E, Hecht HS, Jamieson MJ, Kaul S, Berman D, Fayad Z, Budoff MJ, Rumberger J, Naqvi TZ, Shaw LJ, Faergeman O, Cohn J, Bahr R, Koenig W, Demirovic J, Arking D, Herrera VL, Badimon J, Goldstein JA, Rudy Y, Airaksinen J, Schwartz RS, Riley WA, Mendes RA, Douglas P, Shah PK (2006) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient—Part III: executive summary of the screening for heart attack prevention and education (SHAPE) task force report. Am J Cardiol 98:2H–15H
Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W Jr, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation 108:1664–1672
Ntziachristos V, Ripoll J, Wang LV, Weissleder R (2005) Looking and listening to light: the evolution of whole-body photonic imaging. Nat Biotechnol 23:313–320
Rittersma SZ, van der Wal AC, Koch KT, Piek JJ, Henriques JP, Mulder KJ, Ploegmakers JP, Meesterman M, de Winter RJ (2005) Plaque instability frequently occurs days or weeks before occlusive coronary thrombosis: a pathological thrombectomy study in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 111:1160–1165
Rudd JH, Myers KS, Bansilal S, Machac J, Rafique A, Farkouh M, Fuster V, Fayad ZA (2007) (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation is highly reproducible: implications for atherosclerosis therapy trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:892–896
Skyschally A, Leineweber K, Gres P, Haude M, Erbel R, Heusch G (2006) Coronary microembolization. Basic Res Cardiol 101:373–382
Slomka PJ, Berman DS, Germano G (2008) Applications and software techniques for integrated cardiac multimodality imaging. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6:27–41
Stegger L, Schafers K, Kopka K, Wagner S, Hermann S, Kies P, Law M, Schober O, Schafers M (2007) Molecular cardiovascular imaging using scintigraphic methods. Eur Radiol 17:1422–1432
Townsend DW, Beyer T, Blodgett TM (2003) PET/CT scanners: a hardware approach to image fusion. Semin Nucl Med 33:193–204
Wickline SA, Neubauer AM, Winter P, Caruthers S, Lanza G (2006) Applications of nanotechnology to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:435–441
Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by SFB656 (A1, A3, C3, Z2).
Conflict of Interest none.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Levkau, B. Opportunities, challenges, and caveats of successful molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 103, 79–81 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-008-0705-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-008-0705-4