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Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk: a narrative review in the general population and in different subtypes of breast cancer

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Abstract

Purpose

Most of the existing literature reports no association or a slight negative association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing breast cancer. However, the level of risk differs when considering various subgroups, such as menopausal status, hormonal status of the tumor or genetic mutations. The present review based on a literature search sets the point on the potential influence of a common daily drink, coffee, on the risk of developing breast cancer in the general population, in different subgroups of women and the consequences of drinking coffee after breast cancer has been diagnosed and treated.

Results

This review confirms that in the general population, there is no association between coffee intake and breast cancer risk or a slight protective effect, even at high dosages. Coffee is inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and in women carrying a BRCA1 mutation. Possible risk differences exist between slow and fast caffeine metabolizers and with weight. Coffee consumption after breast cancer diagnosis and surgery, associated with tamoxifen and/or radiotherapy, reduced the occurrence of early events. The effects of coffee intake are less clear in other subgroups, mainly premenopausal women, women carrying a BRCA2 mutation and tumors with variable hormonal status (positive or negative for ER/PR) and would need additional studies.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

modified from Gaascht et al. [80] and effects on breast cancer (BC) risk in the specific subgroups analyzed in this review. In the inner circle, the main components of coffee involved in anticancer processes are listed. The outer parts of the circle are divided into sectors concerning the specific steps of carcinogenesis at which coffee components might act. In the rectangles located outside of the circle, the case of specific subgroups and mechanisms is more detailed, namely in postmenopausal women, women with BRCA1 mutations, women already diagnosed and undergoing tamoxifen treatment and women with various CYP1A2 genotypes. *In slow and fast metabolizers, the following hypothesis on protective mechanisms can be raised: caffeine by inducing CYP1A2, an enzyme metabolizing both caffeine and estradiol (E2), modulates E2 metabolism to favor the weak estrogenic 2-OHE thus producing a higher 2-OHE/16 α-OHE ratio correlated with reduced breast cancer risk. BC breast cancer

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM U 1129, Pediatric Neurology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France

    Astrid Nehlig

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France

    Astrid Nehlig

  3. Faculty of Medicine, ICube UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France

    Nathalie Reix

  4. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Nathalie Reix

  5. Surgery Unit, Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France

    Pauline Arbogast & Carole Mathelin

  6. Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France

    Carole Mathelin

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  1. Astrid Nehlig
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Correspondence to Nathalie Reix.

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AN is a consultant and scientific advisor of the Institute for Scientific information on Coffee, Scientific Committee (ISIC SC). This document is based on available literature and was written totally independently from the function of the author as a consultant for ISIC. The three other authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare.

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This document is a literature review and hence, the authors were not directly concerned by compliance with ethical standards.

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Nehlig, A., Reix, N., Arbogast, P. et al. Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk: a narrative review in the general population and in different subtypes of breast cancer. Eur J Nutr 60, 1197–1235 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02465-0

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