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Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats

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Abstract

Purpose

In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been shown to exert cardioprotection by restoring gut microbiota from dysbiosis and reducing systemic inflammation. However, the effects of prebiotics such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS); probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei STII01 HP4, and synbiotics on metabolic and LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that prebiotics and probiotics improve metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and LV function by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that synbiotics provide greater efficacy than a single regimen in obese insulin resistance.

Methods

Rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then rats in each dietary group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups to receive either a vehicle, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics for another 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, BP, HRV, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined.

Results

HFD-fed rats had obese insulin resistance with markedly increased systemic inflammatory marker [Serum LPS; ND; 0.6 ± 0.1 EU/ml vs. HFD; 5.7 ± 1.2 EU/ml (p < 0.05)], depressed HRV, and increased BP and LV dysfunction [%ejection fraction; ND; 93 ± 2% vs. HFD; 83 ± 2% (p < 0.05)]. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics attenuated insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. All interventions also improved HRV, BP, LV function [%ejection fraction; HFV; 81 ± 2% vs. HFPE; 93 ± 3%, HFPO; 92 ± 1%, HFC; 92 ± 2% (p < 0.05)] by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in obese insulin-resistant rats.

Conclusion

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics shared similar efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Thailand Research Fund Grants RTA (SCC), TRG6080005 (NA), RSA5780029 (AL); a NSTDA Research Chair Grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency Thailand (NC), and Chiang Mai University Center of Excellence Award (NC). The authors would also like to thank Ms. Gabrielle Metzler for her editorial assistance.

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Author notes

  1. Nattayaporn Apaijai and Wannipa Tunapong contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Wannipa Tunapong, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Sakawdaurn Yasom, Pongpan Tanajak, Keerati Wanchai, Titikorn Chunchai, Sasiwan Kerdphoo, Sathima Eaimworawuthikul, Parameth Thiennimitr, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Anusorn Lungkaphin, Wasana Pratchayasakul, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn

  2. Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Wannipa Tunapong, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Pongpan Tanajak, Keerati Wanchai, Titikorn Chunchai, Sasiwan Kerdphoo, Sathima Eaimworawuthikul, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Anusorn Lungkaphin, Wasana Pratchayasakul, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn

  3. Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Wannipa Tunapong, Pongpan Tanajak, Keerati Wanchai, Titikorn Chunchai, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Anusorn Lungkaphin, Wasana Pratchayasakul & Nipon Chattipakorn

  4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sakawdaurn Yasom & Parameth Thiennimitr

  5. Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Siriporn C. Chattipakorn

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  1. Wannipa Tunapong
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Tunapong, W., Apaijai, N., Yasom, S. et al. Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 57, 2091–2104 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1482-3

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