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Effect of a trans fatty acid-enriched diet on mitochondrial, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats

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Abstract

Purpose

Previously showed that dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) may cause systemic inflammation and affect the central nervous system (CNS) in Wistar rats by increased levels of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum (Longhi et al. Eur J Nutr 56(3):1003–1016, 1). Here, we aimed to clarifying the impact of diets with different TFA concentrations on cerebral tissue, focusing on hippocampus and cortex and behavioral performance.

Methods

Wistar rats were fed either a normolipidic or a hyperlipidic diet for 90 days; diets had the same ingredients except for fat compositions, concentrations, and calories. We used lard in the cis fatty acid (CFA) group and PHSO in the TFA group. The intervention groups were as follows: (1) low lard (LL), (2) high lard (HL), (3) low partially hydrogenated soybean oil (LPHSO), and (4) high partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HPHSO). Mitochondrial parameters, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), 2′7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) levels in brain tissue, and open field task were analyzed.

Results

A worse brain tissue response was associated with oxidative stress in cortex and hippocampus as well as impaired inflammatory and mitochondrial parameters at both PHSO concentrations and there were alterations in the behavioral performance. In many analyses, there were no significant differences between the LPHSO and HPHSO diets.

Conclusions

Partially hydrogenated soybean oil impaired cortical mitochondrial parameters and altered inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and the hyperlipidic treatment caused locomotor and exploratory effects, but no differences on weight gain in all treatments. These findings suggest that quality is more important than the quantity of fat consumed in terms of CFA and TFA diets.

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Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CFA:

Cis fatty acid

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DCF:

Dichlorofluorescein

DCFH:

2′7′-Dichlorofluorescein

FA:

Fatty acid

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HFD:

High fat diet

HL:

High lard

HPHSO:

High partially hydrogenated soybean oil

IL1:

Interleukin 1

IL6:

Interleukin 6

IL10:

Interleukin 10

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LL:

Low lard

LPHSO:

Low partially hydrogenated soybean oil

MTG:

MitoTracker Green

MTR:

MitoTracker Red

OF:

Open field

OxLDL:

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PHSO:

Partially hydrogenated soybean oil

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

TFA:

Trans fatty acid

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCTEN), and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Rafael Longhi, Roberto Farina Almeida, Leticia Ferreira Pettenuzzo, Débora Guerini Souza, Letiane Machado, André Quincozes-Santos & Diogo Onofre Souza

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  1. Rafael Longhi
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  2. Roberto Farina Almeida
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  3. Leticia Ferreira Pettenuzzo
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  4. Débora Guerini Souza
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  5. Letiane Machado
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  6. André Quincozes-Santos
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  7. Diogo Onofre Souza
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Correspondence to Rafael Longhi.

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Longhi, R., Almeida, R.F., Pettenuzzo, L.F. et al. Effect of a trans fatty acid-enriched diet on mitochondrial, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr 57, 1913–1924 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1474-3

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