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Gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Korean population

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Abstract

Purpose

Dietary patterns are found to be associated with metabolic risk factors. We explored gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general Korean population.

Method

A total of 13,410 Korean adults (aged ≥19 years, 5384 men and 8026 women) who participated in the fifth KNHANES were studied. Dietary intake was assessed by the 24-h recall method. MetS was defined by the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between dietary pattern and MetS and its components by gender.

Results

Three dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis by sex: traditional, Westernized, and healthy. The traditional pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P for trend = 0.0098), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P for trend = 0.0007), elevated blood pressure (P for trend = 0.0328), and MetS (P for trend = 0.0003) in women only after adjusting for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors. In contrast, the healthy pattern (HP) was negatively associated with abdominal obesity (P for trend = 0.0051) in women. For men, the HP was negatively associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P for trend = 0.0025) after adjustment for potential confounders. The Westernized pattern was not associated with MetS or its components in either men or women.

Conclusion

There may be gender differences on the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic risk factors in Korean population.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) founded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF2012R1A1A1012317).

Author contribution

All authors had a significant role in the study. JK had the main responsibility for the data collection, analysis, and interpretation as well as drafting the manuscript. YK contributed to performing the statistical analysis and drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea

    Y. Kang & J. Kim

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  1. Y. Kang
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  2. J. Kim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Kim.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics of human subject participation

The study was reviewed and approved by the Korea CDC Institutional Review Board.

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Cite this article

Kang, Y., Kim, J. Gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Korean population. Eur J Nutr 55, 2321–2330 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1127-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1127-3

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