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Postnatal high-fat diet enhances ectopic fat deposition in pigs with intrauterine growth retardation

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Abstract

Objectives

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for adult metabolic syndrome. However, the influences of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) intake on ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose tissues in IUGR pigs remain unclear. The present study was to determine whether HFD consumption would enhance ectopic fat deposition in IUGR pigs.

Methods

At day 28, IUGR and control pigs were fed ad libitum to either a regular diet or a HFD. Lipid store, enzymatic activities and mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in liver and semitendinosus muscle (SM) were quantified at postnatal day 178.

Results

Feeding a HFD to IUGR pigs but not to control pigs significantly increased daily weight gain, carcass fat mass, plasma leptin level and lipid content and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mRNA abundances of LPL and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in liver and SM, but decreased daily feed intake and mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) in liver and SM (P < 0.05). Compared with control pigs, IUGR pigs had a lower body weight but higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and insulin (P < 0.05). HFD-fed pigs exhibited greater body weight, plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), regardless of birth weight (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results suggested that IUGR increased the vulnerability of HFD-fed pigs to ectopic fat deposition via enhanced fatty acid flux toward ectopic sites and reduced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-36).

Author’s contributions

D. C., B. Y., J. Y., X. M., P. Z., Z. H. and J. H. contributed to the experimental design and data interpretation and helped in drafting the manuscript. H. Y. carried out the study. H. Y. and P. Z. were responsible for the writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an, 625014, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China

      Honglin Yan, Ping Zheng, Bing Yu, Jie Yu, Xiangbing Mao, Jun He, Zhiqing Huang & Daiwen Chen

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    1. Honglin Yan
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    Correspondence to Daiwen Chen.

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    Honglin Yan, Ping Zheng, Bing Yu, Jie Yu, Xiangbing Mao, Jun He, Zhiqing Huang and Daiwen Chen declare no conflict of interest.

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    Honglin Yan and Ping Zheng contributed equally to this work.

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    Yan, H., Zheng, P., Yu, B. et al. Postnatal high-fat diet enhances ectopic fat deposition in pigs with intrauterine growth retardation. Eur J Nutr 56, 483–490 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1093-9

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1093-9

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