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Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, bone remodelling and iron status in iron-deficient young women consuming an iron-fortified food

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Abstract

Background

Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are two of the most widespread nutritional disorders in the world. Our aim was to know whether the consumption of an iron-fortified fruit juice modifies bone remodelling and the possible influence of baseline vitamin D status on the recovery of iron status in a group of iron-deficient women.

Methods

Iron biomarkers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dietary intake were measured in 123 iron-deficient menstruating women. A subgroup (n = 41) participated in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of 16-weeks during winter. They consumed a placebo fruit juice (P) or iron-fortified fruit juice (F). Dietary intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aminoterminal telopeptide of collagen I (NTX) and iron biomarkers were determined.

Results

Ninety-two per cent of the iron-deficient women were vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Transferrin saturation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were positively correlated. Iron status improved in F, 25-hydroxyvitamin D decreased in F and P, and PTH, ALP and NTX levels were within the normal range and did not vary. Women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L compared with 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L showed a higher increase in transferrin saturation (a marker of iron supply to tissues) during iron recovery.

Conclusion

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is very high in iron-deficient women. The recovery of iron status by consuming an iron-fortified food does not affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels; however, the increase in iron supply to tissues is lower if the women also present vitamin D deficiency. Although bone health does not seem to be affected in this group of women, correction of iron and vitamin D deficiencies should be promoted in young women to improve present and future health.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to I. Wright for technical support. This study was supported by Project AGL2009-11437 and Grupo Leche Pascual. R. Blanco-Rojo and L. Toxqui were supported by a JAE-predoc grant from CSIC and European Social Found.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Ruth Blanco-Rojo, Ana M. Pérez-Granados, Laura Toxqui & M. Pilar Vaquero

  2. Department of Biochemistry Investigation, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Institute for Medical Research (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain

    Pilar Zazo & Concepción de la Piedra

Authors
  1. Ruth Blanco-Rojo
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  2. Ana M. Pérez-Granados
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  3. Laura Toxqui
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  4. Pilar Zazo
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  5. Concepción de la Piedra
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  6. M. Pilar Vaquero
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Correspondence to M. Pilar Vaquero.

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Blanco-Rojo, R., Pérez-Granados, A.M., Toxqui, L. et al. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, bone remodelling and iron status in iron-deficient young women consuming an iron-fortified food. Eur J Nutr 52, 695–703 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0375-8

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