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Gastrodia elata Blume water extracts improve insulin resistance by decreasing body fat in diet-induced obese rats: vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde are the bioactive candidates

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Abstract

Background

Insulin resistance is a common symptom of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

Aim of the study

We investigated whether Gastrodia elata Blume water extract(GEB), containing phenolic compounds, had a beneficial action on insulin resistance in male Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high fat diet(HFD) and determined how this effect was produced. In addition, the bioactive candidates involved were identified.

Methods

Rats fed HFD were daily administered with 0.3 g GEB(GEB-L), 1 g GEB(GEB-H), or 1 g cellulose(control) per kg body weight for 8 weeks, while rats in the fourth group were fed a low fat diet(LFD). In vitro study, 4 major components of GEB were tested for their impact on fat accumulation.

Results

Rats in the control group exhibited a higher weight gain of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads than those fed LFD, while GEB prevented such an increment in a dose-dependent manner. GEB-H significantly decreased energy intake partly through potentiating STAT3 phosphorylation and attenuating AMPK phosphorylation in the hypothalamus. GEB-H also increased energy expenditure with the increase in fat oxidation. GEB-H increased whole body glucose disposal rates and decreased hepatic glucose output compared to the control. Among the major components of GEB, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin decreased triglyceride accumulation by modulating the expression of genes involved in fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. They increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to reduce insulin resistance.

Conclusions

GEB-H, mainly as a result of the action of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, reduces insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation in adipocytes by activating fat oxidation and potentiating leptin signaling in diet-induced obese rats.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HMP-08-A-0-80958). All authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea

    Sunmin Park, Da Sol Kim & Suna Kang

  2. Department of Maechatronics Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea

    Sunmin Park

  3. Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea

    Sunmin Park

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  1. Sunmin Park
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Correspondence to Sunmin Park.

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Park, S., Kim, D.S. & Kang, S. Gastrodia elata Blume water extracts improve insulin resistance by decreasing body fat in diet-induced obese rats: vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde are the bioactive candidates. Eur J Nutr 50, 107–118 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-010-0120-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-010-0120-0

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