Abstract
Introduction
This analysis examines the influence of age on antithrombotic therapy, success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and in-hospital mortality in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and elective PCI.
Methods
We analysed data of 26,795 unselected patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable Angina (UA) and elective PCI from the ALKK-PCI Registry 2006, a German prospective, multicentre registry.
Results
Elderly patients (>75) with ACS were significantly less often treated with acetylsalicylic acid intravenously and a clopidogrel loading dose of 600 mg. Moreover, the administration of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists was significantly lower in these patients. The rate of successful PCI (indicated as TIMI 3 flow) is comparable in younger and elderly patients with elective PCI, UA and NSTEMI, whereas there were more unsuccessful interventions in elderly patients with STEMI (13.2 vs. 11.0%, p < 0,033). In all indications elderly patients showed increased in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion
In clinical practice, elderly patients with ACS undergoing PCI receive significantly less intensive antithrombotic treatment. In terms of successful PCI, there was no significant difference between the age groups in patients with elective PCI, UA and NSTEMI. The higher in-hospital mortality of the elderly in all patient groups is most likely due to a higher rate of comorbidities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB (1998) Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 97:1837–1847
Lee PY, Alexander KP, Hammill BG, Pasquali SK, Peterson ED (2001) Representation of elderly persons and women in published randomized trials of acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 286(6):708–713
Bach RG, Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, DiBattiste PM, Demopoulos LA, Anderson HV, DeLucca PT, Mahoney EM, Murphy SA, Braunwald E (2004) The effect of routine, early invasive management on outcome for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Ann Intern Med 141(3):186–195
Hasdai D, Holmes DR Jr, Criger DA, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Harrington RA (2000) Age and outcome after acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Am Heart J 139(5):858–866
Bauer T, Koeth O, Jünger C, Heer T, Wienbergen H, Gitt A, Zahn R, Senges J, Zeymer U, for the Acute Coronary Syndromes Registry (ACOS) Investigators (2007) Effect of an invasive strategy on in-hospital outcome in elderly patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28(23):2873–2878
ALKK (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhausärzte). Zielsetzung der ALKK. http://www.alkk.org
Vogt A, Bonzel T, Harmjanz D, von Leitner ER, Pfafferott C, Engel HJ, Niederer W, Schuster PR, Glunz HG, Neuhaus KL (1997) PTCA registry of German community hospitals. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALKK) Study Group. Eur Heart J 18(7):1110–1114
Zeymer U, Zahn R, Hochadel M, Bonzel T, Weber M, Gottwik M, Tebbe U, Senges J (2005) Indications and complications of invasive diagnostic procedures and percutaneous coronary interventions in the year 2003. Results of the quality control registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausarzte (ALKK). Z Kardiol 94(6):392–398
Zeymer U, Vogt A, Zahn R, Weber MA, Tebbe U, Gottwik M, Bonzel T, Senges J, Neuhaus KL, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK) (2004) Predictors of in-hospital mortality in 1333 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); Results of the primary PCI registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK). Eur Heart J 25(4):322–328
Alexander KP, Roe MT, Chen AY, Lytle BL, Pollack CV Jr, Foody JM, Boden WE, Smith SC Jr, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Peterson ED, for the CRUSADE Investigators (2005) Evolution in cardiovascular care for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 46(8):1479–1487
Liistro F, Angioli P, Falsini G, Ducci K, Baldassarre S, Burali A, Bolognese L (2005) Early invasive strategy in elderly patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: comparison with younger patients regarding 30 day and long term outcome. Heart 91(10):1284–1288
Rosengren A, Wallentin L, Simoons M, Gitt AK, Behar S, Battler A, Hasdai D (2006) Age, clinical presentation, and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in the Euroheart acute coronary syndrome survey. Eur Heart J 27(7):789–795
Yan RT, Yan AT, Tan M, Chow CM, Fitchett DH, Ervin FL, Cha JY, Langer A, Goodman SG, for the Canadian Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) Registry Investigators (2006) Age-related differences in the management and outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 151(2):352–359
Doyle BJ, Rihal CS, Gastineau DA, Holmes DR (2009) Bleeding, blood transfusion, and increased mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(22):2019–2027
Bonzel T, Erbel R, Hamm CW, Levenson B, Neumann F-J, Rupprecht H-J, Zahn R (2008) Leitlinie Perkutane Koronarintervention (PCI). Clin Res Cardiol 97(8):513–547
Brener SJ, Moliterno DJ, Aylward PE, Arnoud WJ, van’t Hof AW, APEX-AMI Investigators et al (2008) Reperfusion after primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: predictors of success and relationship to clinical outcomes in the APEX-AMI Angiographic Study. Eur Heart J 29(9):1127–1135
Kammler J, Kypta A, Hofmann R, Kerschner K, Grund M, Sihorsch K, Steinwender C, Lambert T, Helml W, Leisch F (2009) TIMI 3 flow after primary angioplasty is an important predictor for outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol 98(3):165–170
Safley DM, House JA, Marso SP, Grantham JA, Rutherford BD (2008) Improvement in survival following successful percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary chronic total occlusions: variability by target vessel. J Am Coll Cardiol Interv 1:295–302
Werner GS, Gitt AK, Zeymer U, Juenger C, Towae F, Wienbergen H, Senges J (2009) Chronic total coronary occlusions in patients with stable angina pectoris: impact on therapy, outcome in present day clinical practice. Clin Res Cardiol 98(7):435–441
Prasad A, Rihal CS, Lennon RJ, Wiste HJ, Singh M, Holmes DR (2007) Trends in outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusions. A 25-year experience from the Mayo clinic. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(15):1611–1618
Batchelor WB, Anstrom KJ, Muhlbaier LH, Grosswald R, Weintraub WS, O’Neill WW, Peterson ED (2000) Contemporary outcome trends in the elderly undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: results in 7,472 octogenarians National Cardiovascular Network Collaboration. J Am Coll Cardiol 36(3):723–730
Alexander KP, Newby LK, Cannon CP, Armstrong PW, Gibler WB, Rich MW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Weaver WD, Naylor MD, Gore JM, Krumholz HM, Ohman EM, American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology (2007) Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Acute coronary care in the elderly, part I: Non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115(19):2549–2569 Review
Alexander KP, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, Cannon CP, Gibler WB, Rich MW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Weaver WD, Naylor MD, Gore JM, Krumholz HM, Ohman EM, American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology, Society of Geriatric Cardiology (2007) Acute coronary care in the elderly, part II: ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115(19):2570–2589
Wenaweser P, Ramser M, Windecker S, Lütolf I, Meier B, Seiler C, Eberli FR, Hess OM (2007) Outcome of elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 70(4):485–490
Haase KK, Schiele R, Wagner S, Fischer F, Burczyk U, Zahn R, Schuster S, Senges J (2000) In-hospital mortality of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: data from the MITRA (Maximal Individual Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction) registry. Clin Cardiol 23(11):831–836
Goldberg RJ, Steg PG, Sadiq I, Granger CB, Jackson EA, Budaj A, Brieger D, Avezum A, Goodman S (2002) Extent of, and factors associated with, delay to hospital presentation in patients with acute coronary disease (the GRACE registry). Am J Cardiol 89(7):791–796
Avezum A, Makdisse M, Spencer F, Gore JM, Fox KAA, Montalescot G, Eagle KA, White K, Mehta RH, Knobel E, Collet JP, for the GRACE Investigators (2005) Impact of age on management and outcome of acute coronary syndrome: observations from the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE). Am Heart J 149(1):67–73
Conflict of interest
None in connection with this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schwarz, A.K., Zahn, R., Hochadel, M. et al. Age-related differences in antithrombotic therapy, success rate and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Res Cardiol 100, 773–780 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-011-0311-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-011-0311-6