Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to find out if single time point and estimated cumulative release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase (CK) correlate with early infarct size and left ventricular function measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).
Methods
CMR and serial CK and cTnT measurements were performed in 103 patients (85 male, mean age 55.8 ± 12.1 years) within at least 8 days (3.1 ± 1.5 days) after first acute myocardial infarction and successful primary percutaneous coronary interventions. Infarct size was determined on delayed gadolinium-enhanced phase-sensitive IR-SSFP CMR sequences. Single time point, peak and cumulative cardiac protein release were correlated with infarct size.
Results
All single time point, peak and estimated cumulative release of CK and cTnT values except on admission showed significant correlations with infarct size. Among single time point values, cTnT after 96 h (cTnT96; r = 0.680, p < 0.001) and CK after 24 h (CK24; r = 0.699, p < 0.001) showed the closest correlations with infarct size. Peak CK and cTnT levels correlated only slightly better than single time point values (r = 0.703 and 0.688, p < 0.001), whereas cumulative release values did not show closer correlations than single point values. Receiver-operator characteristics analysis showed that cTnT96 and CK24 detected large infarct areas (>16.8 g) and decreased left ventricular function (EF < 40%) with high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion
Both single time point cTnT concentrations and CK activities correlate well with infarct size early after primary PCI for STEMI. Cardiac TnT levels determined 3–4 days after revascularization for acute myocardial infarction allow for a good estimation of acute infarct size as well as an approximation of LV function and morphology.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AMI:
-
Acute myocardial infarction
- CK:
-
Creatine kinase
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- (CE)-CMR:
-
(Contrast-enhanced) cardiac magnetic resonance
- EDV:
-
End-diastolic volume
- ESV:
-
End-systolic volume
- cTn(T/I):
-
Cardiac troponin (T/I)
- (LV)EF:
-
(Left ventricular) ejection fraction
- (LV)MM:
-
(Left ventricular) myocardial mass
- ND:
-
Normally distributed
- (p-)PCI:
-
(Primary) percutaneous coronary interventions
- (PS)IR-SSFP:
-
(Phase-sensitive) inversion recovery-SSFP
- ROC:
-
Receiver-operator characteristics
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- SV:
-
Stroke volume
- STEMI:
-
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
References
Miller TD, Christian TF, Hopfenspirger MR, Hodge DO, Gersh BJ, Gibbons RJ (1995) Infarct size after acute myocardial infarction measured by quantitative tomographic 99mtc sestamibi imaging predicts subsequent mortality. Circulation 92(3):334–341
Becker LC, Silverman KJ, Bulkley BH, Kallman CH, Mellits ED, Weisfeldt M (1983) Comparison of early thallium-201 scintigraphy and gated blood pool imaging for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 67(6):1272–1282
Gibbons RJ, Valeti US, Araoz PA, Jaffe AS (2004) The quantification of infarct size. J Am Coll Cardiol 44(8):1533–1542. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.071
Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG, Hornke M, Bulow HP, Dirschinger J, Schomig A, Schwaiger M (2005) Quantitative measurement of infarct size by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging early after acute myocardial infarction: comparison with single-photon emission tomography using tc99m-sestamibi. J Am Coll Cardiol 45(4):544–552. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.058
Thiele H, Kappl MJ, Conradi S, Niebauer J, Hambrecht R, Schuler G (2006) Reproducibility of chronic and acute infarct size measurement by delayed enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 47(8):1641–1645. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.065
Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB, Harris K, Chen EL, Simonetti O, Bundy J, Finn JP, Klocke FJ, Judd RM (1999) Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation 100(19):1992–2002
Ohman EM, Armstrong PW, White HD, Granger CB, Wilcox RG, Weaver WD, Gibler WB, Stebbins AL, Cianciolo C, Califf RM, Topol EJ (1999) Risk stratification with a point-of-care cardiac troponin T test in acute myocardial infarction. Gustoiii investigators. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 84(11):1281–1286
James SK, Armstrong P, Barnathan E, Califf R, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A, Simoons ML, Topol EJ, Venge P, Wallentin L (2003) Troponin and C-reactive protein have different relations to subsequent mortality and myocardial infarction after acute coronary syndrome: a Gusto-IV Substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 41(6):916–924. doi:S0735109702029698[pii]
Savonitto S, Granger CB, Ardissino D, Gardner L, Cavallini C, Galvani M, Ottani F, White HD, Armstrong PW, Ohman EM, Pieper KS, Califf RM, Topol EJ (2002) The prognostic value of creatine kinase elevations extends across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(1):22–29. doi:S0735109701017065[pii]
Nienhuis MB, Ottervanger JP, de Boer MJ, Dambrink JH, Hoorntje JC, Gosselink AT, Suryapranata H, van’t Hof AW (2008) Prognostic importance of creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 155(4):673–679. doi:S0002-8703(07)00909-X[pii]10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.004
Grande P, Hansen BF, Christiansen C, Naestoft J (1982) Estimation of acute myocardial infarct size in man by serum CK-MB measurements. Circulation 65(4):756–764
Metzler B, Hammerer-Lercher A, Jehle J, Dietrich H, Pachinger O, Xu Q, Mair J (2002) Plasma cardiac troponin T closely correlates with infarct size in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 325(1–2):87–90. doi:S0009898102002966[pii]
Cummins B, Cummins P (1987) Cardiac specific troponin-i release in canine experimental myocardial infarction: development of a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. J Mol Cell Cardiol 19(10):999–1010. doi:S0022-2828(87)80572-2[pii]
Costa TN, Cassaro Strunz CM, Nicolau JC, Gutierrez PS (2008) Comparison of MB fraction of creatine kinase mass and troponin I serum levels with necropsy findings in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 101(3):311–314. doi:S0002-9149(07)01911-X[pii]10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.08.037
Licka M, Zimmermann R, Zehelein J, Dengler TJ, Katus HA, Kubler W (2002) Troponin T concentrations 72 hours after myocardial infarction as a serological estimate of infarct size. Heart 87(6):520–524
Tzivoni D, Koukoui D, Guetta V, Novack L, Cowing G (2008) Comparison of troponin T to creatine kinase and to radionuclide cardiac imaging infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 101(6):753–757. doi:S0002-9149(07)02221-7[pii]10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.09.119
Chia S, Senatore F, Raffel OC, Lee H, Wackers FJ, Jang IK (2008) Utility of cardiac biomarkers in predicting infarct size, left ventricular function, and clinical outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 1(4):415–423. doi:S1936-8798(08)00254-9[pii]10.1016/j.jcin.2008.04.010
Wagner A, Mahrholdt H, Holly TA, Elliott MD, Regenfus M, Parker M, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Kim RJ, Judd RM (2003) Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (spect) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study. Lancet 361(9355):374–379. doi:S0140-6736(03)12389-6[pii]10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12389-6
Steen H, Futterer S, Merten C, Junger C, Katus HA, Giannitsis E (2007) Relative role of NT-pro BNP and cardiac troponin T at 96 hours for estimation of infarct size and left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 9(5):749–758. doi:782025879[pii]10.1080/10976640701544589
Steen H, Giannitsis E, Futterer S, Merten C, Juenger C, Katus HA (2006) Cardiac troponin T at 96 hours after acute myocardial infarction correlates with infarct size and cardiac function. J Am Coll Cardiol 48(11):2192–2194. doi:S0735-1097(06)01459-8[pii]10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.002
Haase J, Bayar R, Hackenbroch M, Storger H, Hofmann M, Schwarz CE, Reinemer H, Schwarz F, Ruef J, Sommer T (2004) Relationship between size of myocardial infarctions assessed by delayed contrast-enhanced MRI after primary PCI, biochemical markers, and time to intervention. J Interv Cardiol 17(6):367–373. doi:JOIC4078[pii]10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.04078.x
Giannitsis E, Steen H, Kurz K, Ivandic B, Simon AC, Futterer S, Schild C, Isfort P, Jaffe AS, Katus HA (2008) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study for quantification of infarct size comparing directly serial versus single time-point measurements of cardiac troponin T. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(3):307–314. doi:S0735-1097(07)03442-0[pii]10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.041
Bohmer E, Hoffmann P, Abdelnoor M, Seljeflot I, Halvorsen S (2009) Troponin T concentration 3 days after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction predicts infarct size and cardiac function at 3 months. Cardiology 113(3):207–212. doi:00020199[pii]10.1159/000201991
Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP (2000) Myocardial infarction redefined—a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 36(3):959–969. doi:S0735109700008044[pii]
Mayr A, Mair J, Schocke M, Klug G, Pedarnig K, Haubner BJ, Nowosielski M, Grubinger T, Pachinger O, Metzler B (2009) Predictive value of NT-pro BNP after acute myocardial infarction: relation with acute and chronic infarct size and myocardial function. Int J Cardiol. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.537
Matthews JN, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, Royston P (1990) Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. BMJ 300(6719):230–235
Klug G, Trieb T, Schocke M, Nocker M, Skalla E, Mayr A, Nowosielski M, Pedarnig K, Bartel T, Moes N, Pachinger O, Metzler B (2009) Quantification of regional functional improvement of infarcted myocardium after primary PTCA by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 29(2):298–304. doi:10.1002/jmri.21498
Beek AM, Kuhl HP, Bondarenko O, Twisk JW, Hofman MB, van Dockum WG, Visser CA, van Rossum AC (2003) Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of regional functional improvement after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 42(5):895–901. doi:S0735109703008350
Bondarenko O, Beek AM, Hofman MB, Kuhl HP, Twisk JW, van Dockum WG, Visser CA, van Rossum AC (2005) Standardizing the definition of hyperenhancement in the quantitative assessment of infarct size and myocardial viability using delayed contrast-enhanced CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 7(2):481–485
Nowosielski M, Schocke M, Mayr A, Pedarnig K, Klug G, Kohler A, Bartel T, Muller S, Trieb T, Pachinger O, Metzler B (2009) Comparison of wall thickening and ejection fraction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 11(1):22. doi:1532-429X-11-22[pii]10.1186/1532-429X-11-22
Gallegos RP, Swingen C, Xu XJ, Wang X, Bianco R, Jerosch-Herold M, Bolman RM 3rd (2004) Infarct extent by MRI correlates with peak serum troponin level in the canine model. J Surg Res 120(2):266–271. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2004.02.025
Kurz K, Schild C, Isfort P, Katus HA, Giannitsis E (2009) Serial and single time-point measurements of cardiac troponin T for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol 98(2):94–100. doi:10.1007/s00392-008-0727-9
Kelle S, Roes SD, Klein C, Kokocinski T, de Roos A, Fleck E, Bax JJ, Nagel E (2009) Prognostic value of myocardial infarct size and contractile reserve using magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(19):1770–1777. doi:S0735-1097(09)02668-0
Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, Bittman R, Hurley S, Kleiman J, Gatlin M (2003) Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 348(14):1309–1321. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030207NEJMoa030207[pii]
Rasoul S, Nienhuis MB, Ottervanger JP, Slingerland RJ, de Boer MJ, Dambrink JH, Ernst NM, Hoorntje JC, Gosselink AT, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F, van ‘t Hof AW (2006) Predictors of elevated cardiac troponin T on admission in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Ann Clin Biochem 43(Pt 4):281–286. doi:10.1258/000456306777695627
Panteghini M, Bonetti G, Pagani F, Stefini F, Giubbini R, Cuccia C (2005) Measurement of troponin I 48 h after admission as a tool to rule out impaired left ventricular function in patients with a first myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Lab Med 43(8):848–854. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2005.143
Apple FS, Sharkey SW, Falahati A, Murakami M, Mitha N, Christensen D (1998) Assessment of left ventricular function using serum cardiac troponin I measurements following myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 272(1):59–67. doi:S0009898197002520[pii]
Adams JE 3rd, Sicard GA, Allen BT, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Davila-Roman VG, Bodor GS, Ladenson JH, Jaffe AS (1994) Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction with measurement of cardiac troponin I. N Engl J Med 330(10):670–674
Suessenbacher A, Doerler J, Alber H, Aichinger J, Altenberger J, Benzer W, Christ G, Globits S, Huber K, Karnik R, Norman G, Siostrzonek P, Zenker G, Pachinger O, Weidinger F (2008) Gender-related outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Data from the Austrian Acute PCI Registry. EuroIntervention 4(2):271–276
Wiviott SD, Cannon CP, Morrow DA, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Sabatine MS, Rifai N, Giugliano RP, DiBattiste PM, Demopoulos LA, Antman EM, Braunwald E (2004) Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A Tactics-TIMI 18 (Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 18) substudy. Circulation 109(5):580–586. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000109491.66226.26109/5/580[pii]
Acknowledgments
We thank Rajam Csordas-Iyer for critical reading of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klug, G., Mayr, A., Mair, J. et al. Role of biomarkers in assessment of early infarct size after successful p-PCI for STEMI. Clin Res Cardiol 100, 501–510 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-010-0273-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-010-0273-0