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Accidental falls among community-dwelling older adults

Improving the identification process of persons at risk by nursing staff

Stürze bei zu Hause lebenden älteren Menschen: Verbesserung der Identifikation von Personen mit erhöhtem Risiko durch Pflegepersonal

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Summary

Elderly persons living in the community are a heterogeneous population. Among them, the screening of persons at risk of falling is still a matter of debate. The aim of this analysis was to improve the identification process of elderly persons living in the community at risk for falling by nursing staff of community- based services. A secondary analysis was performed with the data from a prospective non-randomized interventional trial. The study included 268 community-dwelling older adults (mean age of 82 years, 81.3% female) from Ulm and Neu-Ulm with a followup period of 12 months. Fall risk indicators were extracted from the nursing assessment and analysis with crude odds ratios revealed the following risk indicators for falls: assistance when transferring, bathing and climbing a flight of stairs as well as fall history. Afterwards, fall risk indicators were selected by backward elimination in a multiple logistic regression. Variable selection identified a positive fall history and the need for assistance when bathing as important risk indicators. These two risk indicators could be used as a screening tool, which would be easy to perform by nursing staff in their daily work. This screening test defined as more than one fall in the last 12 months or bathing assistance, the first ADL to be affected in the disablement process, has a sensitivity of 85.3% and a specificity of 42.1%.

Zusammenfassung

Zu Hause lebende ältere Menschen stellen eine heterogene Population dar. In dieser ist das Screening nach Menschen mit einem erhöhten Sturzrisiko noch in der Diskussion. Ziel dieser Analyse war, diesen Identifikationsprozess für Mitarbeiter aus der ambulanten Pflege zu verbessern. Eine Sekundäranalyse der Daten einer prospektiven, nicht-randomisierten Interventionsstudie wurde durchgeführt. Die Studie schloss 268 zu Hause lebende ältere Menschen (Durchschnittsalter 82 Jahre, 81,3% Frauen) aus Ulm und Neu-Ulm ein. Die Nachuntersuchung erfolgte nach 12 Monaten. Sturzrisikoindikatoren wurden aus dem Pflegeassessment entnommen und eine Analyse mit rohen Odds Ratios zeigte folgende Sturzrisikoindikatoren: Hilfsbedarf beim Transfer, beim Baden und beim Treppensteigen sowie vorausgegangene Stürze. Danach wurden Sturzindikatoren mit Backward Elimination in einer multiplen logistischen Regression selektiert. Als wichtige Sturzindikatoren wurden nur vorausgegangene Stürze und Hilfsbedarf beim Baden identifiziert. Diese beiden Risikoindikatoren könnten als Screening-Test genutzt werden. Die Durchführung ist einfach und kann vom Pflegepersonal im täglichen Arbeitsalltag erfolgen. Dieser Screening-Test definiert als mehrere Stürze in den letzten 12 Monaten oder Hilfsbedarf beim Baden, die erste betroffene ADL im Alterungsprozess, hat eine Sensitivität von 85,3% und eine Spezifität von 42,1%.

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Coll-Planas, L., Kron, M., Sander, S. et al. Accidental falls among community-dwelling older adults. Z Gerontol Geriatr 39, 277–282 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-006-0396-0

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