Abstract
Background and aims
Colonic diverticulitis shows a high recurrence rate, but the role of faecal markers in predicting recurrence is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of faecal calprotectin (FC) in predicting recurrence of diverticulitis.
Patients/methods
A prospective cohort study was performed on 54 patients suffering from acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT). After remission, patients underwent to clinical follow-up every 2 months. After remission and during the follow-up, FC was analysed. Recurrence of diverticulitis was defined as return to our observation due to left lower-quadrant pain with or without other symptoms (e.g. fever), associated with leucocytosis and/or increased C-reactive protein (CRP). Presence of diverticulitis was confirmed by means of CT.
Results/findings
The mean follow-up was 20 months (range 12–24 months). Forty-eight patients were available for the final evaluation, and six patients were lost to follow-up. During follow-up, increased FC was detected in 17 (35.4 %) patients and diverticulitis recurred in eight patients (16.7 %). Diverticulitis recurred in eight (16.7 %) patients: seven (87.5 %) patients showed increased FC during the follow-up, and only one (12.5 %) patient with recurrent diverticulitis did not show increased FC. Diverticulitis recurrence was strictly related to the presence of abnormal FC test during follow-up.
Conclusions
In the present prospective study, increased FC was found to be predictive of diverticulitis recurrence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sheth AA, Longo W, Floch MH (2008) Diverticular disease and diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol 103:1550–1556
Tursi A (2007) New physiopathological and therapeutic approaches to diverticular disease of the colon. Expert Opin Pharmacother 8:299–307
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti G, Elisei W, Maiorano M, Aiello F (2008) The clinical picture of uncomplicated versus complicated diverticulitis of the colon. Dig Dis Sci 53:2474–2479
Etzioni DA, Chiu VY, Cannom RR, Burchette RJ, Haigh PI, Abbas MA (2010) Outpatient treatment of acute diverticulitis: rates and predictors of failure. Dis Colon Rectum 53:861–865
Evans J, Kozol R, Frederick W, Voytavich A, Pennoyer W, Lukianoff A, Lardner J (2008) Does a 48-hour rule predict outcomes in patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis? J Gastrointest Surg 12:577–582
Strate LL, Liu YL, Aldoori WH, Syngal S, Giovannucci EL (2009) Obesity increases the risks of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Gastroenterology 136:115–122
Tursi A, Elisei W, Giorgetti GM, Inchingolo CD, Nenna R, Picchio M, Brandimarte G (2013) Detection of endoscopic and histological inflammation after an attack of colonic diverticulitis is associated with higher diverticulitis recurrence. J Gastrointest Liver Dis 22:13–19
Bischoff SC, Grabowsky J, Manns MP (1997) Quantification of inflammatory mediators in stool samples of patients with inflammatory bowel disorders and controls. Dig Dis Sci 42:394–403
Poullis A, Foster R, Mendall MA, Fagerhol MK (2003) Emerging role of calprotectin in gastroenterology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:756–762
Voganatsi A, Panyutich A, Miyasaki KT, Murthy RK (2001) Mechanism of extracellular release of human neutrophil calprotectin complex. J Leukoc Biol 70:130–134
Roseth AG, Fagerhol MK, Aadland E, Schjonsby H (1992) Assessment of the neutrophil dominating protein calprotectin in feces. A methodologic study. Scand J Gastroenterol 27:793–798
Johne B, Fagerhol MK, Lyberg T, Prydz H, Brandtzaeg P, Naess-Andresen CF et al (1997) Functional and clinical aspects of the myelomonocytic protein calprotectin. J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 50:113–123
Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Bridger S, Fagerhol MK, Bjarnason I (2000) Surrogate markers of intestinal inflammation are predictive of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 119:15–22
Costa F, Mumolo MG, Ceccarelli L et al (2005) Calprotectin is a stronger predictive marker of relapse in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn’s disease. Gut 54:364–368
D’Inca R, Dal Pont E, Di Leo V et al (2008) Can calprotectin predict relapse risk in inflammatory bowel disease? Am J Gastroenterol 103:2007–2014
Walkiewicz D, Werlin SL, Fish D, Scanlon M, Hanaway P, Kugathasan S (2008) Fecal calprotectin is useful in predicting disease relapse in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14:669–673
Gisbert JP, Bermejo F, Perez-Calle JL et al (2009) Fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin for the prediction of inflammatory bowel disease relapse. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15:1190–1198
Garcia-Sanchez V, Iglesias-Flores E, Gonzalez R et al (2010) Does fecal calprotectin predict relapse in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis? J Crohns Colitis 4:144–152
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Giorgetti GM, Inchingolo CD, Aiello F (2009) Faecal calprotectin in colonic diverticular disease: a case–control study. Int J Colorectal Dis 24:49–55
Kaiser AM, Jiang JK, Lake JP et al (2005) The management of complicated diverticulitis and the role of computed tomography. Am J Gastroenterol 100:910–917
Vestergaard TA, Nielsen SL, Dahlerup JF, Hornung N (2008) Fecal calprotectin: assessment of a rapid test. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 68:343–347
Sandler RS, Everhart JE, Donowitz M et al (2002) The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 122:1500–1511
Ambrosetti P, Becker C, Terrier F (2002) Colonic diverticulitis: impact of imaging on surgical management—a prospective study of 542 patients. Eur Radiol 12:1145–1149
Allez M, Lémann M (2010) Role of endoscopy in predicting the disease course in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 16:2626–2632
Parente F, Molteni M, Marino B et al (2010) Are colonoscopy and bowel ultrasound useful for assessing response to short-term therapy and predicting disease outcome of moderate-to-severe forms of ulcerative colitis?: A prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 105:1150–1157
Rutgeerts P, Vermeire S, Van Assche G (2008) What is the role of endoscopy in predicting Crohn’s disease relapse or course? Inflamm Bowel Dis 14(Suppl 2):S183–S184
Bitton A, Peppercorn MA, Antonioli DA et al (2001) Clinical, biological, and histologic parameters as predictors of relapse in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 120:13–20
Ruffolo C, Scarpa M, Faggian D et al (2010) Subclinical intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease following bowel resection: a smoldering fire. J Gastrointest Surg 14:24–31
Tursi A, Elisei W, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, Aiello F (2010) Predictive value of serologic markers of degree of histologic damage in acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 44:702–706
Burri E, Beglinger C (2012) Faecal calprotectin—a useful too in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Swiss Med Wkly 142:w13557
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tursi, A., Elisei, W., Picchio, M. et al. Increased faecal calprotectin predicts recurrence of colonic diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 29, 931–935 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-014-1884-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-014-1884-0