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Pleiotrophin is a potential colorectal cancer prognostic factor that promotes VEGF expression and induces angiogenesis in colorectal cancer

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International Journal of Colorectal Disease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is an important developmental secretory cytokine expressed in many types of cancer and involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth; however, the significance of PTN expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been established.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect PTN expression in CRC patients. The relationship between PTN expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival time was statistically analyzed, and the relationship between PTN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor angiogenesis was further analyzed.

Results

Of CRC tissues, 74.70% (62/83) stained positive, with a strong positive ratio of 60.24% (50/83). The expression of PTN in CRC tissues was much higher than in normal colorectal tissues. PTN serum levels in CRC patients (mean = 254.59 ± 261.76 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those of normal volunteers (mean = 115.23 ± 79.53 pg/ml; p < 0.001). PTN expression was related to CRC differentiation and TNM staging. High level of PTN is a predictor of a poor prognosis and high expression of PTN is accompanied by high expression of VEGF in CRC patients. Investigation of the relationship between PTN and VEGF revealed that PTN, through the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ signaling pathway, increased tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin, leading to an increase in VEGF.

Conclusions

Our study identifies PTN as an essential growth factor for CRC. PTN promotes VEGF expression and cooperates with VEGF in promoting CRC angiogenesis. PTN could serve as a prognostic factor for this cancer. Considering that PTN shows very limited expression in normal tissue, it may represent an attractive new target for CRC therapy.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate the fine work performed by American Journal Experts (AJE) in the correction of the English text. This work was supported by funds from Science and technology projects of Xi’an city (SF08009(3)) and Science and technology projects of Shaanxi Province (2008K09-06). We thank Prof. Chen Huang for technical assistance and other members of the Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University for advice and suggestions.

Conflicts of interest

No conflict of interest is declared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Kong, Pei-song Bai, Ke-jun Nan, Hong Sun, Nan-zheng Chen & Xiao-gai Qi

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  1. Ying Kong
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  2. Pei-song Bai
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Correspondence to Ying Kong.

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Kong, Y., Bai, Ps., Nan, Kj. et al. Pleiotrophin is a potential colorectal cancer prognostic factor that promotes VEGF expression and induces angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 27, 287–298 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1344-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1344-z

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