Abstract
Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) has been regarded as one of the most important interdecadal factors to the interdecadal summer precipitation in eastern China, which, however, cannot keep a consistent pattern during the same positive or negative PDO phase. Because sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies vary along with PDO evolvement, the PDO impacts are investigated in terms of developing and decaying stages of its positive and negative phases, respectively. It is found that the SST cooling in mid-latitude North Pacific and SST warming in off-equator central-eastern Pacific are generally intensified from the developing stage to the decaying stage for positive PDO phase, and vice versa. Particularly, during the decaying stage of positive (negative) PDO phase, the enhanced SST warming (cooling) in northeastern tropical Pacific triggers a stronger (weaker) large-scale Walker circulation and suppresses (enhances) the convective activities in western tropical Pacific, which favors a meridional wave train like East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection over East Asia. Meanwhile, the westward extended SST cooling (warming) in mid-latitude North Pacific together with the SST warming (cooling) to its south significantly increases (decreases) the meridional SST gradient and low-level atmospheric baroclinicity, conductive to the strengthened (weakened) and southward (northward) shifted East Asian subtropical westerly jet as well as an equivalent barotropic “cold trough” in western North Pacific. Because of such tropical and extratropical dynamical processes, a meridional tripole pattern of precipitation anomalies occurs in eastern China which dominates the PDO impact in the same phase and distinctly different from the dipole pattern during the developing stage.
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Acknowledgements
This study was jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0106600), the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41621005) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41775074).
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The National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0106600), the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41621005) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41775074).
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High-resolution gridded CRU time series dataset version 4.04 is produced by the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia and is available at https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.04/data/pre. Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) version 2.3 is available at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcp-monthly-global-precipitation-climatology-project. The twentieth century monthly reanalysis data is provided by NOAA’s Physical Sciences Laboratory and CIRES at the University of Colorado and is available at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV3.html. The monthly SST data is provided by Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature dataset, version 1.1 (HadISST1) is available at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/.
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Liu, Y., Sun, X. & Yang, XQ. Stage-dependent influence of PDO on interdecadal summer precipitation anomalies in eastern China. Clim Dyn 61, 2071–2084 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06667-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06667-0