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Intermittent ice sheet discharge events in northeastern North America during the last glacial period

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Abstract

The 3D ice sheet model of Marshall and Clarke, which includes both dynamics and thermodynamics, is used to successfully simulate millennial-scale oscillations within an ice sheet under steady external forcing. Such internal oscillations are theorized to be the main cause of quasi-periodic large-scale ice discharges known as Heinrich Events. An analysis of the mechanisms associated with multi-millennial oscillations of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, including the initiation and termination of sliding events, is performed. This analysis involves an examination of the various heat sources and sinks that affect the basal ice temperature, which in turn determines the nature of the ice sheet movement. The ice sheet thickness and surface slope, which affect the pressure-melting point and strain heating, respectively, are found to be critical for the formation and development of fast moving ice streams, which lead to large iceberg calving. Although the main provenance for Heinrich Events is thought to be from Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait, we show that the more northerly regions around Lancaster Strait and Baffin Island may also be important sources for ice discharges during the last glacial period.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is based on the M.Sc. thesis of Brian D. Papa, which is available as C 2 GCR Report no. 2004-3, McGill University. We thank Shawn Marshall for providing his code and documentation for the ice sheet model. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments which helped to improve this paper. The support of an NSERC Discovery Grant and a CFCAS Project Grant awarded to Lawrence A. Mysak is gratefully acknowledged. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gerard C. Bond.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth System Modelling Group, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2K6

    Brian D. Papa, Lawrence A. Mysak & Zhaomin Wang

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  1. Brian D. Papa
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  2. Lawrence A. Mysak
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  3. Zhaomin Wang
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Correspondence to Zhaomin Wang.

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This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gerard C. Bond.

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Papa, B.D., Mysak, L.A. & Wang, Z. Intermittent ice sheet discharge events in northeastern North America during the last glacial period. Clim Dyn 26, 201–216 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0078-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0078-4

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