Abstract
Two versions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (CAS-FGOALS), version f3-L and g3, are used to simulate the two interglacial epochs of the mid-Holocene and the Last Interglacial in phase 4 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), which aims to study the impact of changes in orbital parameters on the Earth’s climate. Following the PMIP4 experimental protocols, four simulations for the mid-Holocene and two simulations for the Last Interglacial have been completed, and all the data, including monthly and daily outputs for the atmospheric, oceanic, land and sea-ice components, have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node. These datasets contribute to PMIP4 and CMIP6 (phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) by providing the variables necessary for the two interglacial periods. In this paper, the basic information of the CAS-FGOALS models and the protocols for the two interglacials are briefly described, and the datasets are validated using proxy records. Results suggest that the CAS-FGOALS models capture the large-scale changes in the climate system in response to changes in solar insolation during the interglacial epochs, including warming in mid-to-high latitudes, changes in the hydrological cycle, the seasonal variation in the extent of sea ice, and the damping of interannual variabilities in the tropical Pacific. Meanwhile, disagreements within and between the models and the proxy data are also presented. These datasets will help the modeling and the proxy data communities with a better understanding of model performance and biases in paleoclimate simulations.
摘要
本文采用两个版本的中国科学院全球海洋-大气-陆地耦合气候系统模式(CAS-FGOALS-f3-L和CAS-FGOALS-g3),按照古气候模拟比较计划第四阶段的标准试验设计,模拟了中全新世和末次间冰期两个间冰期的气候状况,重点用于研究轨道参数变化对地球气候的影响。该数据集已在地球系统网格联合会(ESGF)数据节点上发布共享,共四组中全新世模拟试验和两组末次间冰期模拟试验的模拟数据,包括有大气、海洋、陆面和海冰四大圈层的月平均和日平均输出结果,同时为古气候模拟比较计划第四阶段(PMIP4)和耦合模式比较计划第六阶段(CMIP6)的协同科学研究提供了这两个间冰期气候所需的关键变量。
本文简要地介绍了CAS-FGOALS模式的基本信息和两组间冰期试验设计的标准,并采用多种古气候代用资料对模拟数据集进行了验证。分析结果表明,两个版本的CAS-FGOALS模式都能够较好地再现太阳轨道参数变化导致太阳辐射变化所引起的间冰期气候大尺度变化特征,如中高纬度的变暖,水循环的变化,海冰范围的季节变化以及热带太平洋年际变率的减弱等。同时,分析也指出了不同模式之间以及模拟结果与古气候代用资料之间存在的差异和不确定性。该数据集将有助于模式研发团队和古气候代用资料研究团队更好地了解模式对间冰期气候模拟的性能,研究间冰期气候变化和模拟偏差的物理机制。
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Data availability statement
Information on the CAS-FGOALS outputs for the two interglacial experiments in PMIP4 is listed in the following table.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant Nos. 2016YFC1401401 and 2016YFC140 1601), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA19060102 and XDB42000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 91958201, 41530426, 41576025, 41576026, 41776030, 41931183, 41976026 and 41376002). The authors acknowledge the technical support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (EarthLab).
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Zheng, W., Yu, Y., Luan, Y. et al. CAS-FGOALS Datasets for the Two Interglacial Epochs of the Holocene and the Last Interglacial in PMIP4. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1034–1044 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9290-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9290-8