Abstract
The relationship between precipitation intensity and cloud water in typhoon systems remains unclear. This study combined time- and space-synchronized precipitation and spectral data obtained by the Precipitation Radar (PR) as well as the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) onboard the TRMM satellite, to overcome the limitations of precipitation properties and cloud parameters not being synchronized in previous studies. A merged dataset of near-surface rain rate (RR) and corresponding cloud water path (CWP) was established and used to analyze the potential correlation between cloud microphysical properties and precipitation, to deepen our understanding of the evolution of cloud to rain. In addition, 25 collocated satellite overpasses of mature typhoon cases in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1998 to 2012 were obtained, and the relationships between the CWP and RR of 144 515 pixels were analyzed in detail. The results show that the CWP and RR of mature typhoon systems with different precipitation types, precipitation cloud phases, and vertical depths of precipitation can be fitted by a notable sigmoid function, which may be useful for estimating CWP and parameterizing precipitation in models. Furthermore, the relationship was applied and tested with an independent sample to show that RR is a significant indicator of CWP.
摘 要
本文利用TRMM卫星搭载的测雨雷达PR和可见光/红外扫描仪VIRS获取的准时间同步探测的降水和光谱资料有效克服了云参数与降水观测时空不同步的问题. 基于两种仪器的匹配融合数据集分析了成熟台风云水路径与降水强度的分布特征, 并以1998年至2012年西北太平洋25个成熟台风144 515个降水像元为研究对象, 充分考虑台风系统的降水类型、 降水云相态和降水深厚度, 分析了西北太平洋成熟台风云水路径与降水强度的指示关系. 研究结果表明不同降水类型、 降水相态和降水深厚度的成熟台风降水云系的云水路径与降水强度可用函数关系式进行拟合, 且该关系通过了显著性和个例应用检验, 这表明近地表降水强度对云中含水量具有一定的指示意义. 本研究有助于加深对云降水发展演变规律的理解, 同时为定量估计云水路径开辟了新的途径.
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Acknowledgements
This work is jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 91837310, 41675041, 41705011), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1507200, 2017YFC1501402), the Key research and development projects in Anhui province (201904a07020099), the Third Tibetan Plateau Scientific Experiment: Observations for Boundary Layer and Troposphere (Grant No. GYHY201406001), and CLIMATE-TPE (ID 32070) in the framework of the ESA-MOST Dragon 4 program. We thank the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the TRMM PR 2A25 and VIRS 1B01 version 7 data, as well as the Earth Observation Research and Application Center and China Meteorological Administration for providing detailed typhoon information. We are grateful for the comments from the anonymous reviewers.
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Article Highlights:
• A merged dataset containing precipitation information from the PR and cloud parameters from VIRS of TRMM is obtained.
• CWP shows an oblique S-type trend with increasing near-surface RR.
• The CWP of mature tropical cyclones can be estimated by a notable sigmoid function of RR.
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Luo, S., Fu, Y., Zhou, S. et al. Analysis of the Relationship between the Cloud Water Path and Precipitation Intensity of Mature Typhoons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 359–376 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9204-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9204-9