Influence of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) on birch growth and microbial activity, composition and biomass in soil with or without wood ash

Abstract.

In this laboratory study using microcosms with seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula), we explored whether Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) can retain its important role of accelerating decomposition processes in soils and stimulating primary production under disturbance. We established systems with or without wood ash amendment (first-order disturbance) in the soil, either in the presence or absence of C. sphagnetorum. To test whether the systems treated with wood ash are more sensitive to an additional disturbance than the ash-free systems, the microcosms were later on disturbed by drought. To determine the influence of two disturbances on the enchytraeids and populations of other fauna, and the possible changes in the system functioning, measurements were made of the growth of birch seedlings, foliar N concentration, composition and biomass of soil microbial communities and leaching of N and dissolved organic carbon from the microcosms. Both wood ash application and drought exerted a clear negative influence on the populations of C. sphagnetorum. However, populations of this species were very resilient and recovered rapidly after drought in the ash-free soils. In the ash-free soils C. sphagnetorum tended to improve birch growth, increased the N content of the birch leaves, and decreased the root to shoot ratio. However, in the ash-treated soils enchytraeids had negative effects on these parameters. C. sphagnetorum impacted on neither N and C leaching nor soil microbes, whereas wood ash decreased microbial biomasses and changed their community structure (as determined by phospholipid fatty acids method and denaturing gel electrophoresis) and substrate utilisation potential (Biolog method). It was concluded that C. sphagnetorum can retain its influential role under varying environmental conditions, but that the stimulating or retarding effects of this species on system functioning can be context dependent.