Abstract
Soil microbial community structure and function are commonly used as indicators for soil quality and fertility. The present study deals with the effect of different long-term fertilizer management practices on community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) and soil enzyme activities of paddy soils. Since 1954, chemical fertilizers have been applied in the fields as N–P2O5–K2O, and compost has been added as rice straw at 0, 7.5, 22.5, and 30.0 Mg ha−1 in NPK, NPKC750, NPKC2250, and NPKC3000 treatments, respectively. Community-level functional diversity was significantly enhanced in the plots treated with both chemical fertilizer and compost as compared to only chemical fertilizer and untreated control plots. Average well color development (AWCD) obtained by the Biolog Eco plate indicates that there were few differences among soil samples. Shannon diversity and evenness indices were the highest in NPKC750-treated soil and the lowest in chemically fertilized soil. Dehydrogenase, cellulose, β-glucosidase, and acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities were significantly increased depending on the amount of added compost with inorganic fertilizers; the alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity was the most sensitive to treatments. Our results demonstrated that enzyme activities can be used as sensitive and liable indicators in long-term managed rice-paddy ecosystems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Alef K, Nannipieri P (1995) Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry. Academic, London, p 565
Bandick AK, Dick RP (1999) Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1471–1479
Bending GD, Turner MK, Rayns F, Marx MC, Wood M (2004) Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes. Soil Biol Biochem 36:1785–1792
Bhattacharyya P, Chakrabarti K, Chakraborty A (2005) Microbial biomass and enzyme activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure. Chemosphere 60:310–318
Bossio DA, Scow KM (1995) Impact of carbon and flooding on the metabolic diversity of microbial communities in soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:4043–4050
Burns RG, Dick RP (2002) Enzymes in the environment. Activity, ecology, and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 614
Crecchio C, Curci M, Mininni R, Ricciuti P, Ruggiero P (2001) Short-term effects of municipal solid waste compost amendments on soil carbon and nitrogen content, some enzyme activities and genetic diversity. Biol Fertil Soils 34:311–318
Debosz K, Rasmussen PH, Pedersen AR (1999) Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils: effects of organic matter input. Appl Soil Ecol 13:209–218
Degens BP, Harris JA (1997) Development of a physiological approach to measuring the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil Biol Biochem 29:1309–1320
Deng SP, Tabatabai MA (1994) Colorimetric determination of reducing sugars in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 26:473–477
Garland J, Mills A (1991) Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:2351–2359
Garland JL (1996) Analytical approaches to the characterization of samples of microbial communities using patterns of potential C source utilization. Soil Biol Biochem 28:213–221
Gomez E, Ferreras L, Toresani S (2006) Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by organic amendment application. Bioresour Technol 97:1484–1489
Grayston SJ, Wang S, Campbell CD, Edwards AC (1998) Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. Soil Biol Biochem 30:369–378
Hoffmann G, Dedeken M (1965) Eine methode zur colorimetrischen bestimmung der β-glykosidase-aktivität im Boden. Plant Nut Soil Sci 108:193–198
Islam MR, Trivedi P, Madhaiyan M, Seshadri S, Lee GS, Yang JC, Kim YH, Kim MS, Han GH, Chauhan PS, Sa TM (2010) Isolation, enumeration, and characterization of diazotrophic bacteria from paddy soil sample under long-term fertilizer management experiment. Biol Fertil Soils 46:261–269
Islam MR, Trivedi P, Palaniappan P, Reddy MS, Sa TM (2009) Evaluating the effect of fertilizer application on soil microbial community structure in rice based cropping system using fatty acid methyl esters FAME analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:1115–1117
Kandeler E, Mosier AR, Morgan JA, Milchunas DG, King JY, Rudolph S, Tscherko D (2006) Response of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities to the transient elevation of carbon dioxide in a semi-arid grassland. Soil Biol Biochem 38:2448–2460
Lee JJ, Park RD, Kim YW, Shim JH, Chae DH, Rim YS, Sohn BK, Kim TH, Kim KY (2004) Effect of food waste compost on microbial population, soil enzyme activity and lettuce growth. Bioresour Technol 93:21–28
Lin XG, Yin R, Zhang HY, Huang JF, Chen RR, Cao ZH (2004) Changes of soil microbiological properties caused by land use changing from rice–wheat rotation to vegetable cultivation. Environ Geochem Health 26:119–128
Liu B, Gumpertz ML, Hu S, Ristaino JB (2007) Long-term effects of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on soil microbial communities and the development of southern blight. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2302–2316
Mäder P, Fließbach A, Dubois D, Gunst L, Fried P, Niggli U (2002) Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science 296:1694–1697
Martens DA, Johanson JB, Frankenberger WT Jr (1992) Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of organic residues. Soil Sci 153:53–61
Nannipieri P, Ceccherini AJ, MT LL, Pietramellara G, Renella G (2003) Microbial diversity and soil functions. Eur J Soil Sci 54:655–670
Nannipieri P, Kandeler E, Ruggiero P (2002) Enzyme activities and microbiological and biochemical processes in soil. In: Burns RG, Dick RP (eds) Enzymes in the environment: Activity, ecology and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1–33
Nautiyal CS, Chauhan PS, Bhatia CR (2010a) Changes in soil physico-chemical properties and microbial functional diversity due to 14 years of conversion of grassland to organic agriculture in semi-arid agroecosystem. Soil Tillage Res 109:55–60
Nautiyal CS, Chauhan PS, DasGupta SM, Seem K, Varma A, Staddon WJ (2010b) Tripartite interactions among Paenibacillus lentimorbus NRRL B-30488, Piriformospora indica DSM 11827, and Cicer arietinum L. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26:1393–1399
Staddon WJ, Duchesne LC, Trevors JT (1997) Microbial diversity and community structure of post disturbance forest soils as determined by sole-carbon-source utilization patterns. Microb Ecol 34:125–130
Tabatabai MA (1982) Soil enzymes. In: Page AL, Miler RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 903–947
Uhlirova E, Shimek M, Santrucková H (2005) Microbial transformation of organic matter in soils of montane grasslands under different management. Appl Soil Ecol 28:225–235
Wlodarczyk T, Stepniewski W, Brzezinska M (2002) Dehydrogenase activity, redox potential, and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from Cambisols under flooding conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 36:200–206
Acknowledgment
Md. Rashedul Islam gratefully acknowledges the Korea Research Foundation (KRF), Republic of Korea for awarding a Ph.D. fellowship. This study was partially supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Islam, M.R., Singh Chauhan, P., Kim, Y. et al. Community level functional diversity and enzyme activities in paddy soils under different long-term fertilizer management practices. Biol Fertil Soils 47, 599–604 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0524-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0524-2