Abstract
A glasshouse-based study was conducted to investigate the effect of urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (‘Agrotain’) and irrigation on urea hydrolysis and its movement in a Typic Haplustept silt loam soil (in 72 repacked soil cores). Half (36) of these cores were adjusted to soil moisture contents of 80% field capacity (FC) and the remaining 36 cores to 50% FC. Granular urea with or without Agrotain was applied at a rate equivalent to 100 kg N ha−1. There were three replicates to these two sets of soil cores. After 1 day of treatment application, soil cores of the 50% FC were adjusted to 80% FC by applying surface irrigation. Twelve pots were destructively sampled at each day after 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days of treatment application to determine urea hydrolysis and its lateral and vertical movement in different soil layers. Agrotain-treated urea delayed urea hydrolysis during the first 7 days after its application. This delay in urea hydrolysis caused by Agrotain enabled added urea, which is uncharged, to move away from the surface soil layer to the sub-surface soil layer both vertically and laterally. In contrast, most urea hydrolysed to soil NH +4 within 2 days of its application. Irrigation after 1 day resulted in further urea movement both laterally and vertically from the surface soil layer (0–10 mm) to the sub-soil layer (30–50 mm) in Agrotain-treated urea. These results suggest that Agrotain delayed urea hydrolysis and allowed more time for rainfall or irrigation to move added urea from the surface layer to sub-soil layers where it is likely to make good contact with plant roots. This distribution of urea in the rooting zone has the potential to enhance N use efficiency and minimize N losses associated with ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Summit Quinphos (NZ) Ltd. for providing funding to support this project and for preparing and coating the urea with Agrotain. A University of Canterbury Doctoral Scholarship to Khadim Dawar is also gratefully acknowledged.
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Dawar, K., Zaman, M., Rowarth, J.S. et al. Urea hydrolysis and lateral and vertical movement in the soil: effects of urease inhibitor and irrigation. Biol Fertil Soils 47, 139–146 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0515-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0515-3