Abstract
In this paper, we study (zero) forcing sets which induce connected subgraphs of a graph. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called the connected forcing number of the graph. We provide sharp upper and lower bounds on the connected forcing number in terms of the minimum degree, maximum degree, girth, and order of the graph.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
This invariant is concurrently introduced in [5].
References
AIM Special Work Group: Zero forcing sets and the minimum rank of graphs. Linear Algebra Appl. 428(7), 1628–1648 (2008)
Amos, D., Caro, Y., Davila, R., Pepper, R.: Upper bounds on the \(k\)-forcing number of a graph. Discret. Appl. Math. 181, 1–10 (2015)
Barioli, F., Barrett, W., Fallat, S.M., Hall, T., Hogben, L., Shader, B., van den Driessche, P., van der Holst, H.: Parameters related to tree-width, zero forcing, and maximum nullity of a graph. J. Graph Theory 72(2), 146–177 (2013)
Barioli, F., Barrett, W., Fallat, S.M., Hall, H.T., Hogben, L., van der Holst, H.: On the graph complement conjecture for minimum rank. Linear Algebra Appl. 436(12), 4373–4391 (2012)
Brimkov, B., Davila, R.: Characterizations of the connected forcing number of a graph. arXiv:1604.00740
Burgarth, D., Giovannetti, V.: Full control by locally induced relaxation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(10), 100501 (2007)
Burgarth, D., Giovannetti, V., Hogben, L., Severini, S., Young, M.: Logic circuits from zero forcing (2011). arXiv:1106.4403
Caro, Y., Pepper, R.: Dynamic approach to \(k\)-forcing. Theory Appl. Graph 2(2), Article 2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.20429/tag.2015.020202
Chandran, S., Subramanian, C.: Girth and treewidth. J. Combin. Theory B 93(1), 23–32 (2005)
Chekuri, C., Korula, N.: A graph reduction step preserving element-connectivity and applications. Automata, languages and programming, pp. 254–265. Springer, New York (2009)
Davila, R.: Bounding the forcing number of a graph. Rice University Masters Thesis (2015)
Davila, R., Kalinowshi, T., Stephen, S.: A lower bound on the zero forcing number of a graph. Discret. Appl. Math. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2018.04.015
Davila, R., Henning, M.A.: The forcing number of a graph with large girth. Quaest. Math. 41(2), 189–204 (2018)
Davila, R., Kenter, F.: Bounds for the zero forcing number of a graph with large girth. Theory Appl. Graph 2(2):Article 1 (2015)
Deaett, L.: The minimum semidefinite rank of a triangle-free graph. Linear Algebra Appl. 434(8), 1945–1955 (2011)
Dean, N., Ilic, A., Ramirez, I., Shen, J., Tian, K.: On the power dominating sets of hypercubes. In: IEEE 4th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), pp. 488–491 (2011)
Edholm, C., Hogben, L., LaGrange, J., Row, D.: Vertex and edge spread of zero forcing number, maximum nullity, and minimum rank of a graph. Linear Algebra Appl. 436(12), 4352–4372 (2012)
Eroh, L., Kang, C., Yi, E.: Metric dimension and zero forcing number of two families of line graphs. Math. Bohemica 139(3), 467–483 (2014)
Fürst, M., Rautenbach, D.: A short proof for a lower bound on the zero forcing number. arXiv:1705.08365
Griggs, J.R., Wu, M.: Spanning trees in graphs of minimum degree 4 or 5. Discret. Math. 104, 167–183 (1992)
Haynes, T.W., Hedetniemi, S.T., Hedetniemi, S.T., Henning, M.A.: Domination in graphs applied to electric power networks. SIAM J. Discret. Math. 15(4), 519–529 (2002)
Kleitman, D.J., West, D.B.: Spanning trees with many leaves. SIAM J. Discret. Math. 4, 99–106 (1991)
Meyer, S.: Zero forcing sets and bipartite circulants. Linear Algebra Appl. 436(4), 888–900 (2012)
Ore, O.: Theory of graphs. Am. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ. 38 (1962)
Row, D.: Zero forcing number: Results for computation and comparison with other graph parameters (PhD Thesis). Iowa State University (2011)
Thomassen, C., Toft, B.: Non-seperating induced cycles in graphs. J. Combin. Theory B 31, 199–224 (1981)
Trefois, M., Delvenne, J.-C.: Zero forcing number, constrained matchings and strong structural controllability. Linear Algebra Appl. 484, 199–218 (2015)
Zhao, M., Kang, L., Chang, G.: Power domination in graphs. Discret. Math. 306, 1812–1816 (2006)
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere thanks to an anonymous referee for his/her meticulous and thorough reading of the paper that greatly improved the exposition and clarity of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Davila, R., Henning, M.A., Magnant, C. et al. Bounds on the Connected Forcing Number of a Graph. Graphs and Combinatorics 34, 1159–1174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00373-018-1957-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00373-018-1957-x