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Cell cycle arrest associated with anoxia-induced quiescence, anoxic preconditioning, and embryonic diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus

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Abstract

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can enter into dormancy associated with diapause and anoxia-induced quiescence. Dormant embryos are composed primarily of cells arrested in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle based on flow cytometry analysis of DNA content. In fact, most cells in developing embryos contain only a diploid complement of DNA, with very few cells found in the S, G2, or M phases of the cell cycle. Diapause II embryos appear to be in a G0-like state with low levels of cyclin D1 and p53. However, the active form of pAKT is high during diapause II. Exposure to anoxia causes an increase in cyclin D1 and p53 expression in diapause II embryos, suggesting a possible re-entry into the cell cycle. Post-diapause II embryos exposed to anoxia or anoxic preconditioning have stable levels of cyclin D1 and stable or reduced levels of p53. The amount of pAKT is severely reduced in 12 dpd embryos exposed to anoxia or anoxic preconditioning. This study is the first to evaluate cell cycle control in embryos of A. limnaeus during embryonic diapause and in response to anoxia and builds a foundation for future research on the role of cell cycle arrest in supporting vertebrate dormancy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant R01 HL095454 (JEP), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grants R01 NS 59588 (RM) and R01 NS39016 (RPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA

    Camie L. Meller, Kristin M. Culpepper & Jason E. Podrabsky

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310-1495, USA

    Robert Meller

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310-1495, USA

    Roger P. Simon

Authors
  1. Camie L. Meller
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  2. Robert Meller
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  3. Roger P. Simon
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  4. Kristin M. Culpepper
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  5. Jason E. Podrabsky
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Correspondence to Jason E. Podrabsky.

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Communicated by H.V. Carey.

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Meller, C.L., Meller, R., Simon, R.P. et al. Cell cycle arrest associated with anoxia-induced quiescence, anoxic preconditioning, and embryonic diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus . J Comp Physiol B 182, 909–920 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0672-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0672-9

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