Abstract
The literature contains few reports devoted to the analysis of the effects of a partially closed in-line valve on the characteristics of transients in viscoelastic pressurized pipes. In this paper a contribution to the analysis of the long-period behavior of pressure is offered from both the experimental and numerical modeling point of view. In the first part, laboratory tests and the related results—noticeably extensive with respect to the existing literature—are examined. More precisely, the dependance of the damping of the dimensionless pressure maximum values on the initial conditions and in-line valve local head loss coefficient is shown. In the second part, a 1-D numerical model is developed by determining its parameters within a physically based procedure. Model parameters are obtained by considering transients in a constant-diameter pipe (single pipe) and then exported to the case of pipes with a partially closed in-line valve (in-line valve pipe). Moreover, particular attention is devoted to the modalities of specifying boundary conditions. In particular, the quasi-steady-state approach is followed for determining the transient local head loss due to the partially closed in-line valve and the actual supply conditions and characteristics of the maneuver are taken into account. Finally, the effect of unsteady friction and viscoelasticity is examined in both single and in-line valve pipes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aklonis J, MacKnight W (1983) Introduction to polymer visco-elasticity. Wiley, New York
Bergant A, Simpson A, Vitkovsky J (2001) Developments in unsteady pipe flow friction modelling. J. Hydraul Res IAHR 39(3):249–257
Brunone B, Berni A (2010) Wall shear stress in transient turbulent pipe flow by local velocity measurement. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 136(10):716–726
Brunone B, Morelli L (1999) Automatic control valve induced transients in an operative pipe system. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 125(5):534–542
Brunone B, Golia U, Greco M (1995) Effects of two-dimensionality of pipes transients modeling. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 121(12):906–912
Brunone B, Ferrante M, Cacciamani M (2004) Decay of pressure and energy dissipation in laminar transient flow. J Fluids Eng ASME 126(6):928–934
Brunone B, Cacciamani M, Meniconi S (2011) Discussion of unsteady friction and viscoelasticity in pipe fluid transients by Duan HF, Ghidaoui MS, Lee PJ and Tung YK. J Hydraul Res IAHR 49(3):402–403
Contractor D (1965) The reflection of waterhammer pressure waves from minor losses. J Basic Eng ASME 445–451
Covas D, Stoianov I, Mano J, Ramos H, Graham N, Maksimovic C (2004) The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part I—experimental analysis and creep characterization. J Hydraul Res IAHR 42(5):516–530
Covas D, Stoianov I, Mano J, Ramos H, Graham N, Maksimovic C (2005) The dynamic effect of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients. Part II—model development, calibration and verification. J Hydraul Res IAHR 43(1):56–70
Daubechies I (1992) Ten lectures on wavelets. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia
Duan HF, Ghidaoui M, Lee PJ, Tung YK (2010) Unsteady friction and visco-elasticity in pipe fluid transients. J Hydraul Res IAHR 48(3):354–362
Ferrante M, Brunone B, Meniconi S (2009) Leak detection in branched pipe systems coupling wavelet analysis and a lagrangian model. J Water Supply Res Technol AQUA, IWA 58(2):95–106
Ferrante M, Massari C, Brunone B, Meniconi S (2011) Experimental evidence of hysteresis in the head-discharge relationship for a leak in a polyethylene pipe. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 137(7):775–781
Franke P, Seyler F (1983) Computation of unsteady pipe flow with respect to visco-elastic material properties. J Hydraul Res IAHR 21(5):345–353
Ghidaoui M, Mansour G, Zhao M (2002) Applicability of quasi-steady and axisymmetrics turbulence models in water-hammer models. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 128(10):917–924
Ghidaoui M, Zhao M, McInnis D, Axworthy D (2005) A review of water hammer theory and practice. Appl Mech Rev 58:49–76
Ghilardi P, Paoletti A (1986) Additional visco-elastic pipes as pressure surges suppressors. In: Proceedings of 5th international conference on pressure surges, Cranfield, UK, pp 113–121
Ghilardi P, Paoletti A (1987) Parametri relativi al moto vario in condotti viscoelastici (in Italian). L’Energia Elettrica 64:273–282
Greco M, Brunone B, Golia U (1984) Water-hammer in long aqueducts: mathematical models and laboratory data. In: Proceedings of international conference on hydrosoft ’84, Elsevier, pp 17–29
Guney M (1983) Water-hammer in visco-elastic pipes where cross-section parameters are time-dependent. In: Proceedings of 4th international conference on pressure surges, Cranfield, UK, pp 189–204
Mallat S, Hwang W (1992) Singularity detection and processing with wavelets. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 38:617–643
Mallat S, Zhong S (1992) Characterization of signals from multiscale edges. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 14(7):710–732
Meniconi S, Brunone B, Ferrante M (2011) In-line pipe device checking by short period analysis of transient tests. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 137(7):713–722
Mohapatra P, Chaudhry M, Kassem A, Moloo J (2006) Detection of partial blockage in single pipelines. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 132(2):200–206
Mohapatra PK, Chaudhry MH, Kassem A, Moloo J (2006) Detection of partial blockages in a branched piping system by the frequency response method. J Fluids Eng ASME 128(5):1106–1114
Montuori C (1966) Colpo d’ariete in presenza di resistenze in condotte di notevole spessore (in Italian). L’Energia Elettrica XLIII(6):1–18
Parmakian J (1963) Waterhammer analysis. Dover, New York
Pezzinga G (2000) Evaluation of unsteady flow resistances by quasi-2D or 1D models. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 126(10):778–785
Ramos H, Covas D, Borga A (2004) Surge damping analysis in pipe systems: modelling and experiments. J Hydraul Res IAHR 42:413–425
Sattar AM, Chaudhry MH, Kassem AA (2008) Partial blockage detection in pipelines by frequency response method. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 134(1):76–89
Soares AK, Covas DIC, Reis LFR (2008) Analysis of PVC pipe-wall viscoelasticity during water hammer. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 134(9):1389–1395
Vardy A, Brown J (1995) Transient turbulent smooth pipe friction. J Hydraul Res IAHR 33:435–456
Wang XJ, Lambert M, Simpson A (2005) Detection and location of a partial blockage in a pipeline using damping of fluid transients. J Water Resour Planning Manag ASCE 131(3):244–249
Wylie E, Streeter V (1993) Fluid transients in systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Fondazione Cassa Risparmio Perugia under the Project “Leaks and blockages detection techniques for reducing energy and natural resources wastage”. The support of A. Cirimbilli in the laboratory activity is greatly appreciated. M. Gioffre’ and R. Neri are also thanked for their valuable help in the measurement of pipe displacements and numerical model tuning, respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meniconi, S., Brunone, B., Ferrante, M. et al. Transient hydrodynamics of in-line valves in viscoelastic pressurized pipes: long-period analysis. Exp Fluids 53, 265–275 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1287-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1287-3