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A blood-mimicking fluid for particle image velocimetry with silicone vascular models

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Abstract

For accurate particle image velocimetry measurements in hemodynamics studies, it is important to use a fluid with a refractive index (n) matching that of the vascular models (phantoms) and ideally a dynamic viscosity matching human blood. In this work, a blood-mimicking fluid (BMF) composed of water, glycerol, and sodium iodide was formulated for a range of refractive indices to match most common silicone elastomers (n = 1.40–1.43) and with corresponding dynamic viscosity within the average cited range of healthy human blood (4.4 ± 0.5 cP). Both refractive index and viscosity were attained at room temperature (22.2 ± 0.2°C), which eliminates the need for a temperature-control system. An optimally matched BMF, suitable for use in a vascular phantom (n = 1.4140 ± 0.0008, Sylgard 184), was demonstrated with composition (by weight) of 47.38% water, 36.94% glycerol (44:56 glycerol–water ratio), and 15.68% sodium iodide salt, resulting in a dynamic viscosity of 4.31 ± 0.03 cP.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Hristo Nikolov for phantom fabrication. Financial support is acknowledged from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario (grant #T-6427). The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (TLP), Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Fellowship in Vascular Research (MYY).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

    Majid Y. Yousif

  2. Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada

    David W. Holdsworth

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

    Tamie L. Poepping

Authors
  1. Majid Y. Yousif
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  2. David W. Holdsworth
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  3. Tamie L. Poepping
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Correspondence to Tamie L. Poepping.

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Yousif, M.Y., Holdsworth, D.W. & Poepping, T.L. A blood-mimicking fluid for particle image velocimetry with silicone vascular models. Exp Fluids 50, 769–774 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0958-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0958-1

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