Abstract
The flow-field structure in the vicinity and in the wake of an isolated 3D roughness element has been studied. Different experimental techniques have been coupled and supported by CFD simulation for a good understanding of the flow-field topology. The results have shown strong flow-field similarities for different roughness elements. A model describing the flow structure and interaction mechanisms has been proposed. This model is in good agreement with experimental and CFD results as well as the literature.
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Tirtey, S.C., Chazot, O. & Walpot, L. Characterization of hypersonic roughness-induced boundary-layer transition. Exp Fluids 50, 407–418 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0939-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0939-4