Abstract.
Experimental measurements address the effects on a turbulent boundary layer of wall roughness on a flat plate and a ramp that produces a separation bubble over the ramp trailing edge. A fully rough flow condition is achieved on the upstream flat plate. The main effect of the wall roughness on the outer layer turbulence on a flat plate is to change the friction velocity. The separation region is substantially larger for the rough-wall case. The rough-wall boundary layer turbulence is less sensitive to the onset of an adverse pressure gradient over the ramp, producing substantially smaller Reynolds stress peaks in upstream flat-plate, wall-unit coordinates.
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Song, .S., Eaton, .J. The effects of wall roughness on the separated flow over a smoothly contoured ramp. Exp Fluids 33, 38–46 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-002-0411-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-002-0411-1