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Idiopathische orbitale Entzündungen

Idiopathic orbital inflammation

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Orbitale Entzündungen umfassen ein Spektrum von Erkrankungen. Die idiopathische orbitale Entzündung (IOI) ist meist eine Ausschlussdiagnose, die von Infektionen, systemischen entzündlichen Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen abgegrenzt werden muss. Die IOI umfasst die anteriore Entzündung mit Dakryoadenitis, Myositis, Perineuritis des Sehnervs, Periskleritis, die diffuse sklerosierende Entzündung und die Entzündung der Orbitaspitze.

Fragestellung

Es erfolgte die differenzialdiagnostische Darstellung des Krankheitsbilds mit seinen Unterkategorien sowie mit Diagnostik und Therapieübersicht.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Diagnose der IOI ist vielfach eine Ausschlussdiagnose mit typischen Zeichen in klinischem Befund, Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und Histologie. Die Therapie umfasst Kortikosteroide sowie Immunmodulatoren, Immunsuppressiva und Strahlentherapie.

Abstract

Background

Orbital inflammatory disease encompasses a spectrum of disorders. Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is often a diagnosis of exclusion, which needs to be differentiated from infections, systemic inflammatory disease, and neoplasms. IOI includes anterior inflammation with dacryoadenitis, myositis, perineuritis of the optic nerve, periscleritis, diffuse sclerosing inflammation, and orbital apex inflammation.

Objective

A differential diagnostic overview of IOI is presented, including its subcategories, diagnosis, and treatment.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of IOI is often made by exclusion with typical clinical findings, CT and MRI scans, and pathology. Treatment includes corticosteroids, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, and radiotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ViDia Christliche Kliniken Karlsruhe, St. Vincentius-Kliniken, Steinhäuserstr. 18, 76135, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    Wolfgang E. Lieb

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  1. Wolfgang E. Lieb
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Correspondence to Wolfgang E. Lieb.

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Interessenkonflikt

W.E. Lieb gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Lieb, W.E. Idiopathische orbitale Entzündungen. Ophthalmologe 118, 777–786 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-021-01459-5

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